A community health nurse is educating a parent about the importance of hepatitis B immunization. Which of the following explanations should the nurse give the parent about the disease?
One dose of the immunization gives children lifelong protection from hepatitis B.
Hepatitis B spreads easily among children through casual contact.
Many people who acquire acute hepatitis B develop chronic hepatitis.
People who have had a hepatitis B infection still need the immunization.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: One dose of the immunization does not give children lifelong protection from hepatitis B. The immunization requires a series of three or four doses, depending on the vaccine type, to provide long-term immunity. The first dose is usually given at birth, followed by the second dose at 1 to 2 months of age, and the third dose at 6 to 18 months of age. Some children may need a fourth dose at 4 to 6 years of age.
Choice B reason: Hepatitis B does not spread easily among children through casual contact. Hepatitis B is a blood-borne infection that is transmitted through exposure to infected blood or body fluids, such as through sexual contact, sharing needles, or from mother to child during birth. Casual contact, such as hugging, kissing, or sharing food, does not pose a risk of transmission.
Choice C reason: Many people who acquire acute hepatitis B develop chronic hepatitis. Chronic hepatitis is a condition where the infection persists for more than six months and causes inflammation and scarring of the liver. Chronic hepatitis can lead to serious complications, such as cirrhosis, liver failure, or liver cancer. About 90% of infants, 25% to 50% of children aged 1 to 5 years, and 5% to 10% of adults who get infected with hepatitis B will develop chronic hepatitis.
Choice D reason: People who have had a hepatitis B infection do not need the immunization. The immunization is only effective in preventing the infection, not treating it. People who have had a hepatitis B infection will develop natural immunity, which means they will not get infected again. However, they should still be monitored for any signs of liver damage or complications.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Having the client's daughter communicate information about the procedure is not an action that the nurse should take. The daughter may not be a reliable or accurate interpreter, as she may have limited language skills, lack medical knowledge, or be influenced by her emotions or biases. The nurse should use a qualified interpreter who can ensure the confidentiality, accuracy, and completeness of the communication.
Choice B reason: Arranging for a member of the client's community to interpret the teaching is not an action that the nurse should take. The member of the client's community may not be a qualified or impartial interpreter, as he or she may have a personal or professional relationship with the client, or may have a conflict of interest or a hidden agenda. The nurse should use a professional interpreter who can maintain the boundaries, objectivity, and neutrality of the communication.
Choice C reason: Identifying the client's spoken dialect prior to contacting an interpreter is an action that the nurse should take. This will help the nurse to find an appropriate interpreter who can communicate effectively and respectfully with the client. The nurse should also consider the client's cultural background, preferences, and needs when selecting an interpreter.
Choice D reason: Using professional terminology when providing education prior to the procedure is not an action that the nurse should take. The nurse should use simple and clear language that the client can understand, and avoid using jargon, slang, or idioms that may confuse or offend the client. The nurse should also check the client's comprehension and ask for feedback throughout the communication.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: The client dressing her affected side first is not a finding that the nurse should report to the interprofessional care team, as it indicates that the client is following the proper technique for dressing after a stroke. Dressing the affected side first helps the client maintain range of motion and prevent contractures of the affected limbs.
Choice B reason: The client bearing weight on their arms when using crutches is not a finding that the nurse should report to the interprofessional care team, as it is a normal and expected way of using crutches. Bearing weight on the arms helps the client balance and support their body weight while walking with crutches.
Choice C reason: The client coughing when swallowing her medications is a finding that the nurse should report to the interprofessional care team, as it indicates that the client may have dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing, which is a common complication of stroke. Dysphagia can increase the risk of aspiration, pneumonia, dehydration, and malnutrition. The nurse should assess the client's swallowing ability and refer them to a speech-language pathologist for further evaluation and intervention.
Choice D reason: The client's caregiver filling a pill organizer weekly is not a finding that the nurse should report to the interprofessional care team, as it is a positive and helpful way of managing the client's medications. Filling a pill organizer weekly can help the client and the caregiver remember the medication names, doses, and schedules, and prevent medication errors or omissions.
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