A community health nurse is conducting an educational program on various environmental pollutants. The nurse should emphasize that clients who have which of the following disorders are especially vulnerable to ozone effects?

Mitral valve disease

Asthma

Nasal polyps

Seasonal allergies

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason: Mitral valve disease is not a disorder that makes clients especially vulnerable to ozone effects, as it does not affect the respiratory system. Mitral valve disease is a condition that affects the mitral valve, which is the valve that separates the left atrium and the left ventricle of the heart. Mitral valve disease can cause the valve to become narrow (stenosis) or leaky (regurgitation), affecting the blood flow and oxygen delivery to the body. Mitral valve disease can cause symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, chest pain, palpitations, and swelling of the legs.

Choice B reason: Asthma is a disorder that makes clients especially vulnerable to ozone effects, as it affects the respiratory system. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory condition that causes the airways to become narrow, swollen, and sensitive to triggers such as allergens, irritants, infections, or exercise. Asthma can cause symptoms such as wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and difficulty breathing. Ozone is a gas that is formed when sunlight reacts with pollutants in the air. Ozone can irritate the lungs and worsen asthma symptoms by causing inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and mucus production. Ozone can also reduce lung function and increase the risk of respiratory infections.

Choice C reason: Nasal polyps are not a disorder that makes clients especially vulnerable to ozone effects, as they do not affect the respiratory system. Nasal polyps are benign growths that form in the lining of the nose or sinuses. Nasal polyps can cause symptoms such as nasal congestion, runny nose, postnasal drip, loss of smell or taste, headache, and snoring. Nasal polyps are usually associated with chronic inflammation or allergies, but their exact cause is unknown.

Choice D reason: Seasonal allergies are not a disorder that makes clients especially vulnerable to ozone effects, as they do not affect the respiratory system. Seasonal allergies are allergic reactions that occur during certain times of the year when pollen or mold spores are high in the air. Seasonal allergies can cause symptoms such as sneezing, itching, watery eyes, runny nose, and sore throat. Seasonal allergies are caused by an overreaction of the immune system to harmless substances in the environment.

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Correct Answer is ["B","C"]

Explanation

Choice A reason: "I may experience urinary incontinence." This statement does not indicate the need for additional teaching. It is a correct statement that reflects an understanding of one of the possible symptoms of MS. Urinary incontinence is caused by nerve damage that affects bladder control.

Choice B reason: "I should not exercise because this may trigger an exacerbation." This statement indicates the need for additional teaching. It is an incorrect statement that reflects a misconception about exercise and MS. Exercise does not cause or worsen MS relapses but rather has many benefits for people with MS, such as improving muscle strength, balance, mobility, mood, and quality of life.

Choice C reason: "I should alternate the eye patch every other day to help with the double vision." This statement indicates the need for additional teaching. It is an incorrect statement that reflects a misunderstanding of how to manage double vision, which is another possible symptom of MS. Alternating the eye patch every other day does not help with double vision, but rather may cause eye fatigue or confusion. The correct way to use an eye patch is to wear it on one eye only when needed, such as when reading or driving.

Choice D reason: "I may experience visual disturbances." This statement does not indicate the need for additional teaching. It is a correct statement that reflects an awareness of another possible symptom of MS. Visual disturbances may include blurred vision, loss of color vision, pain in one eye, or partial or complete blindness.

Choice E reason: "I need to check the water temperature before I take a bath." This statement does not indicate the need for additional teaching. It is a correct statement that reflects a precaution that people with MS should take. Checking the water temperature before taking a bath can prevent burns or scalds, as some people with MS may have reduced sensation or numbness in their skin.

A. Collaborate with a physical therapist to develop programs for injured employees to return to work B. Help plant workers identify signs of carpal tunnel syndrome C. Organize an influenza immunization campaign D. Teach plant workers about proper lifting techniques

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A: Collaborate with a physical therapist to develop programs for injured employees to return to work. This is incorrect because this is a tertiary prevention strategy, not a secondary prevention strategy. Tertiary prevention aims to restore function and prevent disability or complications after an injury or illness has occurred.

Choice B: Help plant workers identify signs of carpal tunnel syndrome. This is correct because this is a secondary prevention strategy. Secondary prevention aims to detect and treat health problems early before they become more serious or chronic. Carpal tunnel syndrome is a common occupational health problem that can cause pain, numbness, and weakness in the hand and wrist. Early identification and treatment can prevent permanent nerve damage and disability.

Choice C: Organize an influenza immunization campaign. This is incorrect because this is a primary prevention strategy, not a secondary prevention strategy. Primary prevention aims to prevent disease or injury from occurring in the first place, by reducing exposure or risk factors. Influenza immunization can protect plant workers from getting infected by the flu virus and reduce the spread of the disease.

Choice D: Teach plant workers about proper lifting techniques. This is incorrect because this is also a primary prevention strategy, not a secondary prevention strategy. Proper lifting techniques can prevent musculoskeletal injuries such as sprains, strains, and herniated discs, by avoiding excessive stress on the spine and joints.

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A community health nurse is conducting an educational program on various environmental pollutants. The nurse should emphasize that clients who have which of the following disorders are especially vulnerable to ozone effects?

Nursing Test Bank

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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