A common medication treatment for Parkinson's disease is levodopa/carbidopa combination medication. The nurse knows that this medication is used because which of the following neurotransmitter is decreased in a person with Parkinson's disease?
Dopamine
Norepinephrine
Serotonin
Glutamate
The Correct Answer is A
A. Dopamine is the neurotransmitter that is decreased in individuals with Parkinson's disease. Parkinson's disease is characterized by the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain, leading to motor symptoms such as tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia. Levodopa, a precursor to dopamine, is used to increase dopamine levels in the brain and alleviate symptoms.
B. Norepinephrine is involved in mood regulation and other functions, but it is not the primary neurotransmitter involved in Parkinson's disease.
C. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that affects mood, sleep, and appetite, but it is not the primary neurotransmitter involved in Parkinson's disease.
D. Glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter, but its role is more related to other conditions like neurodegenerative diseases such as ALS, rather than Parkinson's disease.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Unstable blood pressure can occur with damage to the hypothalamus or pituitary, but it is more commonly associated with other neurological conditions. While blood pressure may fluctuate, it is not the most direct result of pituitary or hypothalamic damage.
B. Diabetes insipidus is the correct answer. The pituitary gland secretes antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which helps regulate water balance. Damage to the pituitary or hypothalamus can lead to a deficiency of ADH, causing diabetes insipidus, which is characterized by excessive thirst and urination.
C. Diabetes mellitus is a condition related to insulin production and blood sugar regulation, typically caused by pancreatic issues, not damage to the pituitary or hypothalamus.
D. Altered respiratory rate can occur with brain injury, but it is more commonly associated with damage to the brainstem rather than the hypothalamus or pituitary.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Educating the client on anticonvulsant medications is important, but it is not the priority during an active seizure. Education should be provided after the seizure has ended.
B. Monitoring vital signs is important but should not be the immediate priority during a seizure. The nurse should focus on airway management first.
C. Restraining the client is contraindicated during a seizure. Restraining can cause injury to both the client and the nurse. The focus should be on protecting the client from harm.
D. The prevention of occlusion of the airway or aspiration is the priority. During a tonic-clonic seizure, there is a risk of the client choking, biting their tongue, or having difficulty breathing. The nurse should ensure the airway is open, prevent aspiration, and protect the client from injury during the seizure.
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