A client with Type 2 diabetes is brought into the emergency room in an unresponsive state. A diagnosis of hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic coma (HHNK) is made. The nurse prepares for the administration of which initial therapy?

Administration of glucagon

Large amounts of IV saline solution

Long-acting IV insulin

Oxygen by nasal cannula

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

B. Large amounts of IV saline solution: This is the correct initial therapy. HHNK is characterized by severe dehydration due to osmotic diuresis resulting from hyperglycemia. Therefore, the administration of large amounts of IV saline solution is essential to correct dehydration, restore intravascular volume, and improve tissue perfusion.
A. Glucagon is typically administered to treat severe hypoglycemia, not hyperglycemia.
C. Short-acting or regular insulin is administered initially to lower blood glucose levels rapidly. Long-acting insulin formulations may be used later to maintain glycemic control once the acute phase is managed.
D. Oxygen therapy may be indicated if the client is hypoxic, but it is not the initial therapy for HHNK. The priority in HHNK is to correct dehydration and hyperglycemia through fluid resuscitation and insulin therapy, respectively.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Walking is a low-impact aerobic exercise that can be beneficial for individuals preparing for bariatric surgery. It helps improve cardiovascular health, burn calories, and increase overall physical activity levels. Walking for 30 minutes daily is a reasonable and achievable goal for many individuals, including those preparing for bariatric surgery. It can also help with weight loss and improve overall fitness levels.
B. While HIIT can be effective for improving cardiovascular fitness and burning calories, it may not be suitable for all individuals preparing for bariatric surgery. HIIT can be challenging for individuals who are overweight or have limited mobility, and it may increase the risk of injury if not performed safely.
C. Strength training, including lifting weights helps build muscle mass, improve metabolism, and enhance overall strength and fitness. However, it's essential to ensure that weightlifting exercises are performed safely and under proper supervision.
D. While push-ups and abdominal thrusts are strength-training exercises that can help build muscle strength and improve core stability, this regimen may be too intense or challenging for many individuals preparing for bariatric surgery.

A. Urine output 50 mL per hour B. Heart rate 60 beats/minute C. Heart rhythm regular D. Blood pressure 120/90

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. While it may have some impact on kidney function indirectly through its effects on blood pressure and heart function, urine output is not the primary parameter used to assess the effectiveness of carvedilol in a patient with a history of unstable angina.
B. Carvedilol, as a beta-blocker, helps reduce heart rate by blocking the effects of adrenaline on the heart. In unstable angina, lowering the heart rate can reduce myocardial oxygen demand, which is beneficial in managing ischemic symptoms
C. Carvedilol primarily affects heart rate and blood pressure but doesn't directly regulate heart rhythm. However, in patients with certain cardiac conditions, like heart failure or left ventricular dysfunction after a heart attack, carvedilol can sometimes help to stabilize heart rhythm indirectly by reducing stress on the heart.
D. Carvedilol is also effective in reducing blood pressure, which is beneficial in patients with unstable angina, as it decreases the workload on the heart and the oxygen demand of the myocardium. A blood pressure reading of 120/90 is within the normal range for an adult and indicates good control of blood pressure.

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A client with Type 2 diabetes is brought into the emergency room in an unresponsive state. A diagnosis of hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic coma (HHNK) is made. The nurse prepares for the administration of which initial therapy?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client is preparing for bariatric surgery. The nurse advises that which form of exercise would be most beneficial for this client?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The nurse is evaluating the medical prescription of carvedilol 6.25 mg PO daily for a client with a history of unstable angina. Which of the following reflects that the medication's action has been effective?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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