A client with symptoms of influenza that started the previous day asks the clinic nurse about taking oseltamivir to treat the infection.
Which response should the nurse provide?

Explain to the client that antibiotics are not useful in treating viral infections such as influenza.

Advise the client that once symptoms occur it is too late to receive an influenza vaccination.

Refer the client to the healthcare provider at the clinic to obtain a medication prescription.

Instruct the client that over-the-counter medications are sufficient to manage influenza symptoms.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A rationale:

It is true that antibiotics are not effective against viruses like influenza. They only work against bacteria.

However, while providing this information to the client is accurate, it does not directly address the client's inquiry about taking oseltamivir, which is an antiviral medication.

It's essential for the nurse to guide the client toward the appropriate healthcare provider who can assess the client's condition and make an informed decision about whether oseltamivir is a suitable treatment option.

Choice B rationale:

While it is true that influenza vaccination is most effective when given before exposure to the virus, it is still a relevant consideration even after symptoms have begun.

Studies have shown that antiviral medications like oseltamivir can potentially reduce the severity and duration of influenza symptoms, even when started within 48 hours of symptom onset.

Therefore, simply advising the client that it's too late for vaccination without exploring other potential treatment options would be incomplete and potentially disadvantageous to the client's care.

Choice C rationale:

This is the most appropriate response because it ensures that the client receives a comprehensive assessment and individualized treatment plan from a qualified healthcare provider.

The provider can evaluate the client's symptoms, medical history, and potential risk factors to determine if oseltamivir is a suitable medication.

Additionally, the provider can discuss other potential treatment options, such as over-the-counter medications for symptom relief, and provide guidance on self-care measures to promote recovery.

Choice D rationale:

While over-the-counter medications can help manage some symptoms of influenza, such as fever, aches, and cough, they do not directly target the virus itself.

Antiviral medications like oseltamivir can potentially shorten the duration of the illness and reduce the risk of complications, especially in individuals at higher risk.

Therefore, relying solely on over-the-counter medications without considering antiviral therapy could potentially delay recovery and increase the likelihood of adverse outcomes.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Rationale for Choice A: Dysrhythmia

There is no information in the question stem to suggest that the patient is experiencing a dysrhythmia.

Dysrhythmias are abnormal heart rhythms that can be caused by a variety of factors, including heart disease, electrolyte imbalances, and medications.

While it is possible that the patient could develop a dysrhythmia as a complication of pneumonia, there is no evidence to support this in the given information.

Additionally, enalapril, which the patient is taking for hypertension, is not typically associated with an increased risk of dysrhythmias.

Rationale for Choice B: Toxicity

There is no information in the question stem to suggest that the patient is experiencing toxicity.

Toxicity can be caused by a variety of substances, including medications, drugs, and environmental toxins.

While it is possible that the patient could develop toxicity as a complication of pneumonia, there is no evidence to support this in the given information.

Additionally, the patient's medication regimen of enalapril and a multivitamin is not typically associated with an increased risk of toxicity.

Rationale for Choice C: Anemia

There is no information in the question stem to suggest that the patient is anemic.

Anemia is a condition in which there is a decreased number of red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood.

While it is possible that the patient could develop anemia as a complication of pneumonia, there is no evidence to support this in the given information.

Additionally, the patient's surgical history of adenoid removal and a fractured tibia is not typically associated with an increased risk of anemia.

Rationale for Choice D: Pneumonia

The patient is a 51-year-old male with a diagnosis of pneumonia.

Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs that can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi.

The patient's symptoms, such as cough, fever, and difficulty breathing, are all consistent with a diagnosis of pneumonia.

Additionally, the patient's medical history of hypertension does not rule out pneumonia, and in fact, some studies have shown that hypertension may be a risk factor for developing pneumonia.

Therefore, pneumonia is the most likely condition that the patient has based on the information provided.

A. Draw air in through the nose and exhale slowly through pursed lips. B. Lay down on each side with knees bent and breathe from the abdomen. C. Increase breathing rate for a full 30 seconds. D. Raise hands above the head to expand the diaphragm.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Rationale for Choice A:

Pursed-lip breathing:

Creates back pressure in the airways, which helps to keep them open longer during exhalation.

Slows down the breathing rate, allowing for more complete exhalation and better emptying of the lungs. Prevents air trapping, which can worsen shortness of breath.

Promotes relaxation and reduces anxiety, which can also help to improve breathing.

Rationale for Choice B:

Side-lying position with knees bent:

May not be the most effective position for improving gas exchange in a client with emphysema. Could potentially restrict chest expansion and make breathing more difficult.

May not be comfortable for all clients.

Rationale for Choice C:

Increasing breathing rate:

Can lead to hyperventilation, which can worsen shortness of breath and anxiety. Can also cause fatigue and muscle exhaustion.

Rationale for Choice D:

Raising hands above the head:

Does not significantly expand the diaphragm or improve gas exchange. May actually make breathing more difficult for some clients.

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A client with symptoms of influenza that started the previous day asks the clinic nurse about taking oseltamivir to treat the infection.Which response should the nurse provide?

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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A client with symptoms of influenza that started the previous day asks the clinic nurse about taking oseltamivir to treat the infection.
Which response should the nurse provide?