A client with multiple complaints has been referred to a neurologist for further evaluation. Which of the following complaints are common manifestations of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis? (Select all that apply.)

Muscle hypertrophy

Tinnitus

Tripping

Confusion

Dropping objects

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : C,E

Muscle hypertrophy (increase in muscle size) is not a typical manifestation of ALS. In fact, ALS leads to muscle atrophy (wasting) rather than hypertrophy. As motor neurons degenerate, muscles become weaker and smaller because they are no longer receiving adequate nerve signals to maintain strength.
B.A Tinnitus (ringing in the ears) is not a common manifestation of ALS. ALS primarily affects motor neurons and does not usually cause auditory symptoms. Tinnitus is more related to other conditions such as ear infections, exposure to loud noises, or certain neurological conditions, but it is not associated with ALS.
C.   Tripping or stumbling is a common manifestation of ALS. As the disease progresses, it causes weakness in the muscles responsible for maintaining balance and coordination. This can lead to difficulties with walking and increased risk of tripping or falling.
D.   Confusion is not a typical symptom of ALS. ALS primarily affects motor neurons, leading to muscle weakness and atrophy, but it does not usually affect cognitive function. However, in rare cases, some patients with ALS may develop cognitive or behavioral changes, but these are not the primary symptoms and are less common.
E.   Dropping objects is a common manifestation of ALS. Muscle weakness and loss of fine motor control in the hands and arms can make it difficult to hold or manipulate objects, leading to frequent dropping.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Amlodipine is a calcium channel blocker used to manage hypertension. It is not associated with an increased risk of osteoarthritis. While hypertension itself is a health concern, amlodipine does not directly contribute to the development of OA.
B. Prednisone is a corticosteroid that can lead to various side effects, including bone loss and osteoporosis with long-term use. Although osteoporosis and OA are different conditions, long-term use of corticosteroids can potentially increase the risk of joint issues and contribute to the development or exacerbation of OA due to the impact on joint cartilage and bone density.
C. Warfarin is an anticoagulant used to prevent blood clots in atrial fibrillation. It is not directly associated with an increased risk of osteoarthritis. The primary concerns with warfarin involve bleeding risks rather than joint health.
D. Being Caucasian and having multiple children do not directly contribute to an increased risk of osteoarthritis.

A. Place client on total bedrest and avoid use of affected joints B. Provide warm compresses to affected joints C. Place several pillows under the head to keep the neck in a flexed position D. Place the client on continuous cardiac monitoring E. Administer methylprednisolone as ordered

Correct Answer is ["B","E"]

Explanation

A. Total bedrest is generally not recommended. It is important to balance rest with gentle movement to maintain joint function and prevent stiffness. Instead of complete bedrest, promoting periods of rest

while allowing for limited activity as tolerated is more appropriate. Avoiding use of affected joints may be beneficial during acute inflammation but complete immobilization can lead to muscle atrophy and joint stiffness.
B. Applying warm compresses to affected joints can help relieve stiffness and pain associated with RA. Warmth can improve blood flow and reduce muscle tension around the joints. This intervention is typically beneficial during periods of stiffness and can help increase comfort. However, cold compresses may also be used during acute inflammation to reduce swelling.
C. Placing pillows to keep the neck in a flexed position is not advisable for RA patients. It can cause discomfort and potentially worsen joint and muscle issues. Proper positioning should support natural body alignment, and patients should be encouraged to maintain a neutral neck position to avoid additional strain.
D. Continuous cardiac monitoring is not a routine intervention for RA exacerbations unless there is an indication of cardiac involvement or complications. RA itself does not typically require continuous cardiac monitoring.
E. Methylprednisolone is a corticosteroid used to reduce inflammation and manage RA symptoms during flares. Administering it as ordered is an appropriate intervention to control inflammation and alleviate symptoms.

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A client with multiple complaints has been referred to a neurologist for further evaluation. Which of the following complaints are common manifestations of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis? (Select all that apply.)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which of the following clients is at a higher risk of developing osteoarthritis?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A client is admitted to the hospital during an exacerbation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Which of the following nursing interventions are appropriate for a client experiencing an RA flare? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer is ["B","E"]

Explanation

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