A client with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is receiving regular insulin. Which action should the practical nurse (PN) implement to evaluate the effectiveness of the insulin dosage?
Smell the client's breath for resolution of a fruity odor.
Determine the client's orientation to time and space.
Measure the client's urinary output for an increased volume.
Check fingerstick blood glucose for a decrease in the level.
The Correct Answer is D
Regular insulin is the medication of choice for treating DKA. Its main action is to lower blood glucose levels by promoting the uptake of glucose into cells and inhibiting the production of glucose by the liver. Therefore, checking the fingerstick blood glucose level is an important indicator of the effectiveness of the insulin treatment.
A decrease in the blood glucose level indicates that the insulin is working to lower the high blood sugar associated with DKA. This measurement helps the PN assess the response to treatment and adjust the insulin dosage if necessary.
The other actions mentioned are also important assessments in the care of a client with DKA, but they do not specifically evaluate the effectiveness of the insulin dosage:
A. Smelling the client's breath for resolution of a fruity odor is important as it indicates a decrease in ketone production, which is a marker of improving DKA. However, it does not directly evaluate the effectiveness of the insulin dosage.
B. Determining the client's orientation to time and space is part of assessing their neurological status, which is crucial in managing DKA. However, it does not specifically assess the effectiveness of the insulin dosage.
C. Measuring the client's urinary output for an increased volume is important to monitor hydration status and renal function, but it does not directly evaluate the effectiveness of the insulin dosage.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","F","G"]
Explanation
Ataxia: Phenytoin can cause problems with coordination and balance, leading to ataxia. The PN should monitor the client for unsteady gait or difficulty with movements.
Drowsiness: Phenytoin can cause drowsiness or sedation. The PN should observe the client for excessive sleepiness or difficulty staying awake.
Altered blood coagulation: Phenytoin can affect blood clotting factors, potentially leading to altered blood coagulation. The PN should assess the client for any signs of bleeding or bruising.
Vertigo: Phenytoin can cause dizziness or vertigo, which is a spinning sensation. The PN should be alert for complaints of dizziness or any difficulty with balance.
Visual disturbances: Phenytoin can cause visual disturbances, such as blurred vision or double vision. The PN should monitor the client's vision and report any changes.
The following options are incorrect regarding the toxic effects of phenytoin:
- Anxiety: Anxiety is not a recognized toxic effect of phenytoin. However, it is important to assess the client for any signs of anxiety or emotional changes.
- Aphasia: Aphasia refers to a language impairment and is not typically associated with the toxic effects of phenytoin.
- Vomiting: While phenytoin can cause gastrointestinal side effects, such as nausea and vomiting, it is not directly related to its toxic effects. However, the PN should still monitor the client for any signs of nausea or vomiting.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Elevations in troponin I and CK-MB levels indicate myocardial damage, which can result from insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle due to coronary artery disease. When the heart muscle is damaged, it can lead to abnormal electrical activity and rhythm disturbances, known as cardiac dysrhythmias. These dysrhythmias can be life-threatening and require immediate attention.
Transient ischemic attack (TIA) refers to a temporary interruption of blood flow to the brain, which is not directly related to the elevated troponin I and CK-MB levels. Therefore, monitoring neurological vital signs for TIA is not the most significant risk in this case.
Pulmonary embolism, while it is a serious condition, is not directly indicated by the elevated troponin I and CK-MB levels. Lifestyle modifications may be important for managing coronary artery disease but are not the most significant risk based on the given information.
Recurrent long-term angina pain and subsequent myocardial infarction (MI) may be a concern for the client with coronary artery disease, but the elevated troponin I and CK-MB levels suggest that myocardial damage has already occurred. The focus at this point would be on managing the acute myocardial damage and the risk of cardiac dysrhythmias.
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