A client who has a new diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease asks the nurse "Why did I develop this disease? What caused it?" Which response should the nurse provide?

"It develops due to an autoimmune reaction after a recent infection."

"The exact cause is unknown, but it's thought to involve a combination of genetics and environmental factors."

"The cause is thought to be reactivation of a virus in cranial nerve VII."

"It is caused by demyelination of nerves in the brain and spinal cord."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Parkinson's disease is not generally considered to be caused by an autoimmune reaction or a recent infection. Autoimmune reactions leading to neurodegeneration are more commonly associated with other conditions such as multiple sclerosis, not Parkinson's disease.
B. The exact cause of Parkinson's disease is indeed unknown, but research suggests that it results from a combination of genetic predispositions and environmental factors. Genetic mutations may contribute to the development of Parkinson's disease in some individuals, while environmental factors such as exposure to certain toxins or other external influences might also play a role. The interplay between these factors is still being studied.
C. There is no evidence to support the idea that Parkinson's disease is caused by the reactivation of a virus affecting cranial nerve VII (the facial nerve). Parkinson's disease involves the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain, not specifically related to viral reactivation or isolated to cranial nerve VII.
D. Demyelination of nerves is characteristic of multiple sclerosis, not Parkinson's disease. In Parkinson's disease, the primary issue is the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra of the brain, not demyelination. This option describes a different pathological process unrelated to Parkinson's disease.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Laparoscopic splenectomy involves the surgical removal of the spleen. The spleen is an organ where platelets are often destroyed in ITP. Removing the spleen can reduce the destruction of platelets and potentially improve platelet counts. This procedure is considered when medical therapy fails to adequately control the condition and is often effective in increasing platelet counts for many patients with chronic ITP.
B. Transfusion of platelets is generally not effective in ITP because the underlying problem is that the platelets are being destroyed by the immune system. Platelet transfusions may provide a temporary increase in platelet count but do not address the underlying cause of platelet destruction.
C. ADAMTS-13 is a von Willebrand factor-cleaving protease associated with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), not ITP. Replacement of ADAMTS-13 is relevant for treating TTP, a different condition that also involves thrombocytopenia but has a different pathophysiology.
D. Protamine sulfate is used to reverse the effects of heparin, an anticoagulant. It is not used to treat ITP and does not affect platelet destruction or platelet count. This procedure is not relevant to the management of ITP.

Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"A","dropdown-group-2":"C"}

Explanation

Myasthenia Gravis

Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by weakness and rapid fatigue of voluntary muscles. Key features include fluctuating muscle weakness that typically worsens with activity and improves with rest, bilateral ptosis (drooping of the eyelids), and difficulty with swallowing and speaking. The fact that the client's facial muscle strength is better in the morning and worsens throughout the day is a hallmark of MG. The edrophonium (Tensilon) test is specifically used to diagnose MG by temporarily improving muscle strength.

Antibodies at the neuromuscular junction

Myasthenia Gravis is caused by the presence of autoantibodies that target acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction, leading to impaired communication between nerves and muscles. This is consistent with the described symptoms and the use of the edrophonium (Tensilon) test to diagnose the condition.

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A client who has a new diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease asks the nurse "Why did I develop this disease? What caused it?" Which response should the nurse provide?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who has a diagnosis of immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Despite medication therapy, the client's platelet count remains low. Which of the following procedures would reduce the destruction of platelets for a client who has ITP?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is assigned to care for a client on a medical-surgical unit. Exhibits Complete the following sentence by using the list of options. Based on the information provided, the client is likely experiencing which is caused by

Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"A","dropdown-group-2":"C"}

Explanation

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