A client reports confusion and blurred vision after receiving a dose of glipizide. Which action should the nurse implement?

Choice A reason: Ginkgo biloba use should be limited and not taken during pregnancy is a true statement, but not the most important information for the nurse to include in the teaching plan. Ginkgo biloba may have adverse effects on the fetus, such as bleeding, seizures, or malformations. However, this information is only relevant if the client is pregnant or planning to become pregnant. The nurse should assess the client's reproductive status and advise her accordingly.

Choice B reason: Aspirin and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs interact with ginkgo is the most important information for the nurse to include in the teaching plan. Ginkgo biloba has antiplatelet and anticoagulant properties, which means it can prevent blood clots from forming. However, this also increases the risk of bleeding, especially when combined with other drugs that affect blood clotting, such as aspirin and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The nurse should instruct the client to avoid taking these drugs with ginkgo biloba and inform the healthcare provider of all the medications and supplements she is using.

Choice C reason: Nausea and diarrhea can occur when using this supplement is a possible side effect of ginkgo biloba, but not the most important information for the nurse to include in the teaching plan. Nausea and diarrhea are usually mild and transient, and can be reduced by taking ginkgo biloba with food or water. The nurse should inform the client of this possibility and advise her to report any severe or persistent symptoms to the healthcare provider.

Choice D reason: Anxiety and headaches increase with the use of ginkgo biloba is a false statement, and not the information for the nurse to include in the teaching plan. Ginkgo biloba may actually have beneficial effects on anxiety and headaches, as it can improve blood circulation and oxygen delivery to the brain. The nurse should not discourage the client from using ginkgo biloba for these reasons, unless there is a contraindication or an interaction with other drugs.

Choice A reason: This is not the first action for the nurse to implement. Determining when the last dose was administered is important to prevent overdose and adverse effects of pain medication, but it is not the most immediate intervention. The nurse should first assess the client's pain level and intensity using a pain scale, such as a numeric or a visual analog scale, to determine the appropriate dose and frequency of pain medication.

Choice B reason: This is not the first action for the nurse to implement. Encouraging the client to use diversional thoughts to manage pain is a nonpharmacological strategy that may help reduce the perception of pain and enhance coping, but it is not the most effective intervention. The nurse should first assess the client's pain level and intensity using a pain scale, and then provide pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions as needed.

Choice C reason: This is not the first action for the nurse to implement. Reviewing the history for a past use of recreational drugs is relevant to identify the risk of addiction, tolerance, or withdrawal from pain medication, but it is not the most urgent intervention. The nurse should first assess the client's pain level and intensity using a pain scale, and then consider the client's history and preferences when selecting the type and dose of pain medication.

Choice D reason: This is the first action for the nurse to implement. Asking the client to rate the current level of pain using a pain scale is the most appropriate and accurate way to assess the client's pain and its impact on the client's recovery and quality of life. The nurse should use a pain scale that is suitable for the client's age, cognitive ability, and language, and ask the client to rate the pain at rest and with movement. The nurse should also ask the client about the location, quality, duration, and aggravating or relieving factors of the pain. The nurse should use the pain assessment as the basis for planning and implementing pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions for pain management.