A client presents to the emergency department with nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. While obtaining the history and physical assessment, the nurse discovers that the client's significant other is recovering from COVID 19. After obtaining a nasal swab to test the client for COVID 19, which action is most important for the nurse to take?

Rationale

A. Starting IV infusion for antiviral drugs is premature without confirmation of COVID-19 diagnosis. Antiviral treatment for COVID-19 is typically initiated based on positive test results and clinical assessment by the healthcare provider. It is important to wait for test results before starting specific treatment protocols.

B. Given the client's symptoms and exposure history to someone with COVID-19, it is crucial to implement droplet precautions. This includes placing the client in a private room with the door closed to minimize the risk of airborne transmission. Healthcare providers should wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including masks (N95 respirator or surgical mask), gown, gloves, and eye protection, when entering the room.

C. This action is appropriate to inform family members about potential exposure to COVID-19. Symptoms can develop up to 14 days after exposure, so monitoring for symptoms is essential. However, immediate isolation and precautions for the client are more critical at this stage.

D. While it is important for the client to inform others about potential exposure, the immediate concern is implementing isolation precautions for the client and preventing further transmission within the healthcare setting.

Rationale

A. While support groups are important for individuals dealing with chronic illnesses or specific health issues, they are not directly related to primary disease prevention. Support groups focus more on coping, emotional support, and managing existing conditions rather than preventing diseases.

B. Domestic violence assistance is crucial for community health and safety, but it is not typically categorized under primary disease prevention. Domestic violence is a social issue that requires interventions aimed at prevention and support for victims, rather than preventing diseases through health promotion and education.

C. Blood pressure screening is an example of a primary disease prevention activity. High blood pressure (hypertension) is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases such as heart attack and stroke. By screening individuals for hypertension, nurses can identify those at risk early and provide education on lifestyle modifications or medical interventions to prevent cardiovascular disease.

D. Immunizations are a cornerstone of primary disease prevention. Vaccines prevent infectious diseases by stimulating the immune system to produce immunity against specific pathogens. Community outreach programs that educate the public about immunizations help increase vaccination rates, thereby reducing the incidence of vaccine-preventable diseases in the population.