A client needs 5 liters of oxygen. Which of the following devices is appropriate for use with an oxygen flow rate of 5 liters? Select all that apply:

High-flow nasal cannula

Simple face mask

Nasal cannula

Non-rebreather mask

Venturi mask

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,C

Choice A Reason: High-flow nasal cannula

The high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is designed to deliver oxygen at flow rates much higher than 5 liters per minute, typically ranging from 20 to 60 liters per minute. It is used for patients requiring high levels of oxygen and positive airway pressure. Therefore, it is not appropriate for a flow rate of 5 liters per minute.

Choice B Reason: Simple face mask

The simple face mask is suitable for delivering oxygen at flow rates between 6 to 10 liters per minute. However, it can also be used at a flow rate of 5 liters per minute, providing an FiO2 (fraction of inspired oxygen) of approximately 40-60%. This makes it an appropriate choice for the given requirement.

Choice C Reason: Nasal cannula

The nasal cannula is a low-flow oxygen delivery device that can deliver oxygen at flow rates from 1 to 6 liters per minute. At 5 liters per minute, it provides an FiO2 of approximately 40%. It is comfortable for patients and is commonly used for those who need a moderate amount of supplemental oxygen.

Choice D Reason: Non-rebreather mask

The non-rebreather mask is designed to deliver high concentrations of oxygen, typically at flow rates of 10 to 15 liters per minute. It is used in situations where patients need a high FiO2, close to 100%. Therefore, it is not suitable for a flow rate of 5 liters per minute.

Choice E Reason: Venturi mask

The Venturi mask is used to deliver precise oxygen concentrations, typically ranging from 24% to 60% FiO2. It is suitable for patients who require controlled oxygen therapy. While it can be adjusted to deliver oxygen at a flow rate of 5 liters per minute, it is generally used for more specific FiO2 requirements.

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","C"]

Explanation

Choice A: Increased Respiratory Rate

Fluid overload, also known as hypervolemia, can lead to an increased respiratory rate. This occurs because the excess fluid in the body can accumulate in the lungs, leading to pulmonary congestion and edema. As a result, the body attempts to compensate by increasing the respiratory rate to improve oxygenation and remove excess carbon dioxide. Normal respiratory rate for adults is typically between 12-20 breaths per minute. An increased respiratory rate above this range can indicate fluid overload.

Choice B: Increased Heart Rate

An increased heart rate, or tachycardia, is another common finding in clients with fluid overload. The heart has to work harder to pump the excess fluid throughout the body, leading to an increased heart rate. This is a compensatory mechanism to maintain adequate cardiac output and tissue perfusion. Normal resting heart rate for adults is between 60-100 beats per minute. A heart rate above this range can be indicative of fluid overload.

Choice C: Increased Blood Pressure

Fluid overload can also result in increased blood pressure, or hypertension. The excess fluid in the bloodstream increases the volume of blood that the heart has to pump, leading to higher pressure within the arteries. This can strain the cardiovascular system and lead to complications if not managed properly. Normal blood pressure is typically around 120/80 mmHg. Blood pressure readings consistently above this range can suggest fluid overload.

Choice D: Increased Hematocrit

Increased hematocrit is not typically associated with fluid overload. Hematocrit is the proportion of red blood cells in the blood. In cases of fluid overload, the hematocrit level is usually decreased due to the dilutional effect of the excess fluid. Therefore, this choice is incorrect.

Choice E: Increased Temperature

Increased temperature is not a common finding in fluid overload. Fever or elevated body temperature is more commonly associated with infections or inflammatory conditions. Fluid overload does not typically cause an increase in body temperature. Therefore, this choice is incorrect.

Correct Answer is ["31"]

Explanation

Let’s calculate the IV infusion rate step by step.

Step 1: Determine the total volume to be infused.

The total volume ordered is 1,000 mL.

Step 2: Determine the total time for the infusion.

The total time is 8 hours.

Step 3: Calculate the infusion rate in mL per hour.

Total volume (1,000 mL) ÷ Total time (8 hours) = 125 mL per hour.

Result: 125

Step 4: Determine the drop factor.

The IV tubing delivers 15 drops per milliliter.

Step 5: Calculate the infusion rate in drops per minute.

Infusion rate (125 mL per hour) × Drop factor (15 drops per mL) = 1,875 drops per hour.

Result: 1,875

Step 6: Convert the infusion rate to drops per minute.

Total drops per hour (1,875 drops) ÷ 60 minutes = 31.25 drops per minute.

Result: 31.25

Step 7: Round the result to the nearest whole number if necessary.

31.25 rounded to the nearest whole number is 31.

The nurse should run the IV infusion at a rate of 31 drops per minute.

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A client needs 5 liters of oxygen. Which of the following devices is appropriate for use with an oxygen flow rate of 5 liters? Select all that apply:

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is assessing a client who has fluid overload. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply)

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C"]

Explanation

The doctor orders dextrose 5% in water 1,000 mL to be infused over 8 hours. The IV tubing delivers 15 drops per milliliter. The nurse in charge should run the IV infusion at a rate of: NOTE: Enter ONLY THE NUMBER DO NOT enter the unit of measurement

Correct Answer is ["31"]

Explanation

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