A client is exhibiting diminished range of motion, loss of flexibility, stiffness, and loss of height. The history and physical findings are associated with age-related changes of which area?
Ligaments.
Bones.
Muscles.
Joints.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale
Ligaments connect bones and stabilize joints. Age-related changes in ligaments result in decreased elasticity, leading to joint stiffness but not directly causing loss of height.
Choice B rationale
Bones undergo resorption and may lose density with age, leading to osteoporosis. While this contributes to height loss, it is not typically associated with diminished range of motion or flexibility as primary symptoms.
Choice C rationale
Muscles lose mass and strength with aging, a condition known as sarcopenia. This affects flexibility and range of motion but does not lead directly to height loss.
Choice D rationale
Joints are affected by age-related changes such as cartilage wear and synovial fluid reduction, leading to stiffness, loss of flexibility, diminished range of motion, and height loss due to spinal disc compression and vertebral changes.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
The oculomotor nerve (cranial nerve III) is responsible for innervating the muscles that move the eye and lift the eyelid, as well as controlling pupil constriction and lens shape for focusing.
Choice B rationale
The vestibulocochlear nerve (cranial nerve VIII) is involved in hearing and balance, not in the movement of eye muscles or eyelids.
Choice C rationale
The facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) controls muscles of facial expression, taste sensations from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue, and functions in tear and saliva production.
Choice D rationale
The trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V) is responsible for sensation in the face and motor functions such as biting and chewing, not for eye movements.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Gently pressing the bones on the neck does not effectively test for neck rigidity, which is a common indicator of meningeal irritation or inflammation. This method may detect tenderness or bony abnormalities but not rigidity.
Choice B rationale
Moving the head toward both sides primarily assesses range of motion and flexibility. While reduced range of motion can be noted, this method doesn't specifically test for the resistance characteristic of neck rigidity.
Choice C rationale
Lightly tapping the lower portion of the neck to detect sensation tests for sensory nerve function but is not relevant to assessing muscle tone or rigidity, which is related to motor nerve and muscular response.
Choice D rationale
Moving the head and chin toward the chest is a proper technique to test for neck rigidity. This maneuver can elicit pain or resistance in cases of meningeal irritation, providing a reliable assessment for rigidity.
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