A nurse's assessment of a teenage client reveals that their shoulders are not level and that they have one prominent scapula that is accentuated by bending forward.
The nurse should expect to read about what health problem in the client's electronic health record?
Scoliosis.
Muscular dystrophy.
Kyphosis.
Lordosis.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale
Scoliosis is characterized by a lateral curvature of the spine, often identified by uneven shoulders and a prominent scapula. The forward bending test accentuates these physical signs, helping to diagnose scoliosis.
Choice B rationale
Muscular dystrophy involves progressive muscle weakening and wasting, typically symmetrical, not causing the asymmetry seen in scoliosis. It usually doesn't present with the specific spinal curvature of scoliosis.
Choice C rationale
Kyphosis involves a forward rounding of the upper back, not a lateral curvature. It presents as a hunched or rounded back rather than uneven shoulders and prominent scapula.
Choice D rationale
Lordosis refers to an exaggerated inward curve of the lower back, not involving uneven shoulders or scapula. It affects the lumbar spine rather than presenting the scoliosis-related signs described.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Cushing triad is a late sign of increased ICP, characterized by bradycardia, hypertension, and irregular respirations, appearing after other symptoms like decreased LOC.
Choice B rationale
Decreased LOC is one of the earliest signs of increased ICP as it reflects the brain's response to pressure changes, alerting the need for immediate intervention.
Choice C rationale
Headache can be an early sign but is not as sensitive or specific as changes in LOC when assessing for increased ICP.
Choice D rationale
Coma is a late sign of significantly increased ICP, indicating severe brain dysfunction, often following initial symptoms like decreased LOC.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Vitiligo is a condition characterized by depigmentation of the skin, leading to white patches. It does not typically affect the fingernails, so pitting on the surface of the nails is not indicative of vitiligo.
Choice B rationale
Psoriasis is a chronic skin condition that often affects the nails, leading to pitting or the appearance of small depressions on the nail surface. Nail psoriasis can also cause discoloration, thickening, and separation of the nail from the nail bed.
Choice C rationale
Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that can affect the nails, causing dark streaks or pigmentation changes. However, pitting on the surface of the nails is not a characteristic feature of melanoma.
Choice D rationale
Diabetes can lead to various nail changes, including thickening and yellowing of the nails, but it does not typically cause pitting on the nail surface. Pitting is more specific to psoriasis.
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