A client asks the nurse about the causative agents of hepatitis. Which statement by the nurse is correct?
"Hepatitis C is caused by a defective single-stranded RNA virus.”
"Hepatitis B is caused by a non-enveloped single-stranded RNA virus.”
"Hepatitis A is caused by an enveloped single-stranded RNA virus.”
"Hepatitis E is caused by a partially double-stranded DNA virus.”
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale:
Hepatitis C is indeed caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV), which is a single-stranded RNA virus. The virus is classified under the Flaviviridae family and is known for its high genetic variability, leading to the development of multiple genotypes and subtypes. The RNA genome of HCV is not defective, but rather highly adaptable, making it challenging to develop effective vaccines and treatments. Hepatitis C is primarily transmitted through exposure to infected blood, sharing needles, and, less commonly, through sexual contact and from mother to child during childbirth.
Choice B rationale:
Hepatitis B (HBV) is caused by a partially double-stranded DNA virus, not a non-enveloped single-stranded RNA virus. HBV belongs to the Hepadnaviridae family, and it is transmitted through contact with infected body fluids, such as blood, semen, or vaginal fluids. HBV can cause both acute and chronic liver infections.
Choice C rationale:
Hepatitis A (HAV) is caused by an enveloped single-stranded RNA virus, not hepatitis
C. HAV is transmitted through the fecal-oral route, typically due to contaminated food or water. It is usually a self-limiting disease that does not lead to chronic liver problems.
Choice D rationale:
Hepatitis E (HEV) is caused by a single-stranded RNA virus, but it is not partially double-stranded DNA, as stated in this choice. HEV is typically transmitted through the fecal-oral route, similar to HAV, and it can cause acute hepatitis, particularly in pregnant women, but it does not require a prior hepatitis B infection for transmission.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice B rationale:
Encouraging the client to rest and limit physical activity is an essential nursing intervention for a client with acute hepatitis
A. Rest is crucial for liver recovery and reducing the risk of complications. Physical activity can put additional stress on the liver and may worsen symptoms. The client should avoid alcohol and any medications that can potentially harm the liver during this period.
Choice A rationale:
Isolating the client in a negative pressure room is not necessary for acute hepatitis
A. Hepatitis A is primarily transmitted through the fecal-oral route, and standard precautions are sufficient to prevent its spread. Negative pressure rooms are usually reserved for clients with airborne infections, such as tuberculosis.
Choice C rationale:
Administering live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine is not indicated for a client with acute hepatitis
A. The vaccine is used for pre-exposure prophylaxis and is not effective in treating an active infection.
Choice D rationale:
Providing antiviral medications to treat the infection is not a standard intervention for acute hepatitis
A. Antiviral therapy is generally reserved for chronic hepatitis B and C infections and is not effective for acute hepatitis A, which usually resolves on its own with supportive care.
Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
The administration of the hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) to exposed contacts is an appropriate intervention for suspected hepatitis D infection. Hepatitis D is a defective virus that requires the presence of hepatitis B to replicate, so administering the hepatitis B vaccine can prevent hepatitis D infection in exposed contacts. HBIG contains antibodies against hepatitis B, which can provide temporary protection to exposed contacts.
Choice B rationale:
Advising the patient to avoid sexual contact or use condoms until cleared of infection is crucial in preventing the spread of hepatitis D. The virus can be transmitted through blood and sexual contact, so precautionary measures are essential.
Choice C rationale:
The availability and benefits of the hepatitis D vaccine for prevention should be communicated to the patient. Currently, there is no specific treatment for hepatitis D infection, and vaccination is the most effective preventive measure.
Choice D rationale:
Educating the patient about the need for regular monitoring of liver function and viral load is essential in managing hepatitis D. Hepatitis D can lead to severe liver complications, and monitoring liver function and viral load helps in evaluating disease progression and treatment effectiveness.
Choice E rationale:
Disinfecting contaminated surfaces or instruments with bleach or autoclave is not directly related to the care of a patient with suspected hepatitis D infection. Hepatitis D is primarily transmitted through blood and sexual contact, not through contaminated surfaces or instruments.
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