A client asks a nurse about the process that leads to a pulmonary embolism. How should the nurse explain the pathophysiology of pulmonary embolism?
"It occurs when bacteria enter the lungs and cause an infection, leading to blockage of the blood vessels."
"A pulmonary embolism happens when a blood clot forms in the lungs and blocks the flow of blood."
"It's the result of prolonged exposure to environmental toxins, which gradually damage the lung tissue."
"Pulmonary embolism is caused by chronic inflammation in the airways, leading to restricted airflow."
The Correct Answer is B
A) Incorrect. This description is more aligned with a lung infection, such as pneumonia, not pulmonary embolism.
B) Correct. Pulmonary embolism is typically caused by a blood clot that travels to the lungs and obstructs the pulmonary arteries.
C) Incorrect. Prolonged exposure to environmental toxins is not the primary cause of pulmonary embolism.
D) Incorrect. Chronic inflammation in the airways is characteristic of conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) but not pulmonary embolism.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A) Incorrect. Surgery, especially major procedures, can increase the risk of pulmonary embolism.
B) Incorrect. The risk of pulmonary embolism is often higher after major surgeries, not limited to minor procedures.
C) Correct. Major surgeries and procedures carry a higher risk of pulmonary embolism due to factors like immobility and surgical trauma.
D) Incorrect. While genetics can play a role in clotting disorders, surgery remains a significant risk factor for pulmonary embolism.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A) Incorrect. Chest X-rays can show certain abnormalities but are not the primary diagnostic tool for pulmonary embolism.
B) Incorrect. Electrocardiograms (ECGs) are used to assess heart rhythm and electrical activity but are not used to diagnose pulmonary embolism.
C) Incorrect. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be used in some cases, but CTPA is the preferred test for diagnosing pulmonary embolism.
D) Correct. Computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) is the gold standard for diagnosing pulmonary embolism as it can visualize blood clots in the pulmonary arteries.
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