A 73-year-old male patient is in the clinic for a yearly physical and is asking for a prescription for sildenafil. He has listed on his health history that he is taking a nitrate for angina. The nurse is aware that which problem may occur if sildenafil is taken with a nitrate?

Reduced effectiveness of the sildenafil

Significant increase in pulse rate

Increased risk of bleeding

Significant decrease in blood pressure

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A reason: This is incorrect because sildenafil and nitrates do not affect each other's effectiveness, but rather their side effects. Sildenafil is a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor that enhances the effect of nitric oxide, which causes vasodilation and increases blood flow to the penis. Nitrates are vasodilators that also increase nitric oxide levels and reduce the workload of the heart.

Choice B reason: This is incorrect because sildenafil and nitrates do not cause a significant increase in pulse rate, but rather a decrease. This is because the vasodilation caused by both drugs lowers the blood pressure and the cardiac output, which reduces the heart rate.

Choice C reason: This is incorrect because sildenafil and nitrates do not increase the risk of bleeding, unless they are combined with other drugs that affect the blood clotting process, such as anticoagulants or antiplatelets.

Choice D reason: This is correct because sildenafil and nitrates can cause a significant decrease in blood pressure when taken together, as they both cause vasodilation and increase nitric oxide levels. This can lead to hypotension, dizziness, fainting, or even a heart attack or stroke. The patient should avoid taking sildenafil and nitrates within 24 hours of each other.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: This is incorrect because the dosage is given in the prescription as 500 mg, which indicates the amount of the drug to be administered.

Choice B reason: This is incorrect because the route is given in the prescription as PO, which stands for per os or by mouth, which indicates how the drug is to be administered.

Choice C reason: This is correct because the medication is not given in the prescription, which is the name of the drug to be administered. The nurse should ask the provider to clarify the medication name and spell it out if necessary.

Choice D reason: This is incorrect because the time/frequency is given in the prescription as BID, which stands for bis in die or twice a day, which indicates when and how often the drug is to be administered.

A. Increased intestinal peristalsis B. Bronchial constriction C. Increased heart rate D. Constricted pupils

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Increased intestinal peristalsis is not an effect of adrenergic agonist drugs, but rather of cholinergic drugs, which stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system. Adrenergic agonist drugs activate the sympathetic nervous system, which decreases intestinal motility.

Choice B reason: Bronchial constriction is also not an effect of adrenergic agonist drugs, but rather of cholinergic drugs, which cause bronchoconstriction and increased secretions. Adrenergic agonist drugs cause bronchodilation and decreased secretions.

Choice C reason: Increased heart rate is an effect of adrenergic agonist drugs, which stimulate the beta-1 receptors in the heart, causing increased cardiac output and blood pressure. This is why adrenergic agonist drugs are used to treat conditions such as shock, cardiac arrest, and heart failure.

Choice D reason: Constricted pupils is not an effect of adrenergic agonist drugs, but rather of cholinergic drugs, which cause miosis or pupil constriction. Adrenergic agonist drugs cause mydriasis or pupil dilation.

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A 73-year-old male patient is in the clinic for a yearly physical and is asking for a prescription for sildenafil. He has listed on his health history that he is taking a nitrate for angina. The nurse is aware that which problem may occur if sildenafil is taken with a nitrate?

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Explanation

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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A 73-year-old male patient is in the clinic for a yearly physical and is asking for a prescription for sildenafil. He has listed on his health history that he is taking a nitrate for angina. The nurse is aware that which problem may occur if sildenafil is taken with a nitrate?

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