A gardener needs a decongestant because of seasonal allergy problems and asks the nurse whether he should take an oral form or a nasal spray. Which of these is a benefit of orally administered decongestants?
Immediate onset
Absence of rebound congestion
Shorter duration
More potent effect
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: This is incorrect because orally administered decongestants do not have an immediate onset. They take longer to act than nasal sprays because they have to be absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract. Nasal sprays act directly on the nasal mucosa and have a faster onset.
Choice B reason: This is correct because orally administered decongestants do not cause rebound congestion. Rebound congestion is a condition in which the nasal passages become more swollen and congested after the effect of the nasal spray wears off. This can lead to overuse and dependence on the nasal spray. Orally administered decongestants do not have this effect because they act systemically and not locally.
Choice C reason: This is incorrect because orally administered decongestants do not have a shorter duration. They have a longer duration than nasal sprays because they are metabolized more slowly by the liver. Nasal sprays have a shorter duration because they are eliminated more quickly by the nasal mucosa.
Choice D reason: This is incorrect because orally administered decongestants are not more potent than nasal sprays. They have a similar potency, but they have a different mechanism of action. Orally administered decongestants act on the alpha-adrenergic receptors in the blood vessels, causing vasoconstriction and reducing congestion. Nasal sprays act on the beta-adrenergic receptors in the bronchial smooth muscle, causing bronchodilation and improving airflow.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: This is incorrect because the nurse should inject air into the NPH insulin vial after injecting air into the regular insulin vial. This prevents contamination of the regular insulin with the NPH insulin.
Choice B reason: This is correct because the nurse should inject air into the regular insulin vial first, then into the NPH insulin vial, before withdrawing the regular insulin. This equalizes the pressure in the vials and facilitates the withdrawal of the insulin.
Choice C reason: This is incorrect because the nurse should not replace the needle for withdrawal with a safety needle. The same needle should be used for injecting air and withdrawing insulin from both vials.
Choice D reason: This is incorrect because the nurse should withdraw 10 units of insulin from the regular insulin vial after injecting air into both vials. This prevents mixing of the NPH insulin with the regular insulin in the vial.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Hyperkalemia is not the correct answer. Hyperkalemia is a high level of potassium in the blood. Corticosteroids do not cause hyperkalemia, but rather hypokalemia. Hyperkalemia may be caused by other factors such as renal failure, acidosis, or potassium-sparing diuretics.
Choice B reason: Hypokalemia is the correct answer. Hypokalemia is a low level of potassium in the blood. Corticosteroids can cause hypokalemia by increasing the excretion of potassium and sodium in the urine. Hypokalemia can cause muscle weakness, cramps, arrhythmias, and digoxin toxicity.
Choice C reason: Hypermagnesemia is not the correct answer. Hypermagnesemia is a high level of magnesium in the blood. Corticosteroids do not affect magnesium levels. Hypermagnesemia may be caused by other factors such as renal failure, excessive antacid use, or magnesium-containing laxatives.
Choice D reason: Hypomagnesemia is not the correct answer. Hypomagnesemia is a low level of magnesium in the blood. Corticosteroids do not affect magnesium levels. Hypomagnesemia may be caused by other factors such as malnutrition, alcoholism, or diuretic use.
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