A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The nurse should recognize that the client understands the teaching when he identifies which of the following as manifestations of hypoglycemia? (Select all that apply)
Tremors
Polydipsia
Confusion
Polyphagia
Polyuria
Correct Answer : A,C
Choice A reason: Tremors are a common sign of hypoglycemia, which occurs when the blood glucose level drops below 70 mg/dL. Hypoglycemia can cause shakiness, nervousness, and anxiety.
Choice B reason: Polydipsia, or excessive thirst, is not a manifestation of hypoglycemia, but rather of hyperglycemia, which occurs when the blood glucose level is too high. Hyperglycemia can cause dehydration, dry mouth, and increased urination.
Choice C reason: Confusion is another common sign of hypoglycemia, which can affect the brain's function and cognition. Hypoglycemia can cause dizziness, headache, difficulty concentrating, and impaired judgment.
Choice D reason: Polyphagia, or excessive hunger, is also not a manifestation of hypoglycemia, but rather of hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia can cause the body to break down muscle and fat for energy, resulting in weight loss and increased appetite.
Choice E reason: Polyuria, or excessive urination, is also not a manifestation of hypoglycemia, but rather of hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia can cause the kidneys to excrete excess glucose in the urine, leading to fluid loss and electrolyte imbalance.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Antibiotics are not likely to interact with corticosteroids, unless they are aminoglycosides, which can increase the risk of hypokalemia. However, most antibiotics do not affect the metabolism or efficacy of corticosteroids.
Choice B reason: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can interact with corticosteroids, as they both have anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. This can increase the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding, ulceration, and perforation. Therefore, the nurse should monitor the patient for signs of bleeding and advise the patient to avoid taking NSAIDs with corticosteroids.
Choice C reason: Opioid analgesics are not likely to interact with corticosteroids, unless they are codeine, which can decrease the clearance of corticosteroids. However, most opioid analgesics do not affect the metabolism or efficacy of corticosteroids.
Choice D reason: Antidepressants are not likely to interact with corticosteroids, unless they are monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), which can increase the risk of hypertension and hypertensive crisis. However, most antidepressants do not affect the metabolism or efficacy of corticosteroids.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: This is incorrect because hypoxia does not cause an increased need for insulin, but rather a decreased utilization of glucose by the cells. Hypoxia can also impair the secretion of insulin by the pancreas.
Choice B reason: This is correct because corticosteroids are known to cause hyperglycemia by stimulating gluconeogenesis, inhibiting glucose uptake, and increasing insulin resistance. The patient may need to adjust his insulin dose or switch to oral antidiabetic agents while on corticosteroid therapy.
Choice C reason: This is incorrect because antibiotics do not cause an increase in glucose levels, unless they are combined with other drugs that affect glucose metabolism, such as sulfonamides or fluoroquinolones.
Choice D reason: This is incorrect because type 2 diabetes does not convert to type 1 diabetes, as they are different types of diabetes with different causes and mechanisms. Type 1 diabetes is caused by autoimmune destruction of the beta cells of the pancreas, resulting in absolute insulin deficiency. Type 2 diabetes is caused by insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency.
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