A 7-year-old child is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever. In obtaining a health history from the child's mother, the recent occurrence of which illness is most significant?
Chickenpox.
Mumps.
Sore throat.
Influenza.
The Correct Answer is C
A. Chickenpox is caused by the varicella-zoster virus and is not directly related to the development of acute rheumatic fever.
B. Mumps is caused by the mumps virus and is not directly related to the development of acute rheumatic fever.
C. Sore throat.
Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is an inflammatory condition that can occur after an untreated or inadequately treated streptococcal throat infection, such as streptococcal pharyngitis (strep throat). It is caused by group A Streptococcus bacteria.
In ARF, the body's immune response to the streptococcal infection can lead to inflammation and damage to various parts of the body, including the heart, joints, skin, and central nervous system. One of the major criteria for diagnosing ARF is a history of a sore throat. Therefore, the most significant recent occurrence for the health history in this case would be a sore throat (option C).
D. Influenza is caused by the influenza virus and is not directly related to the development of acute rheumatic fever.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Encourage the parents to rest when possible.While ensuring that parents get rest is important for overall family well-being, this intervention does not directly address the child's immediate symptoms.
B. Apply lotion to hands and feet.Applying lotion can help soothe the discomfort associated with skin peeling. However, this intervention is more supportive and addresses a later concern. It does not directly alleviate the child's irritability or refusal to eat.
C. Make a list of foods that the child likes.This intervention focuses on improving the child's nutritional intake by offering familiar foods. However, if the child is irritable and overstimulated, their refusal to eat may be due to discomfort or distress. Addressing the irritability first may improve their willingness to eat.
D. Place the child in a quiet environment.Children with Kawasaki disease often experience irritability due to discomfort, fever, and the overall systemic effects of the illness. Creating a quiet environment helps reduce sensory stimulation, which can soothe the child and decrease irritability.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Projectile vomiting in a 5-week-old infant can be indicative of a condition known as pyloric stenosis. Pyloric stenosis is a narrowing of the pylorus, the opening from the stomach to the small intestine. It results in delayed gastric emptying, leading to the forceful, projectile vomiting observed after feedings.
A. An olive-size mass in the epigastric area is a characteristic finding in infants with pyloric stenosis. The hypertrophied pyloric muscle feels like an olive and is often palpable in the upper abdomen.
B. Stool that consists of mucus and blood is not a typical finding associated with pyloric stenosis. This symptom is more suggestive of gastrointestinal issues like infectious colitis or other conditions unrelated to pyloric stenosis.
C. Rebound tenderness in the left lower abdominal quadrant is not a common finding in infants with pyloric stenosis. Rebound tenderness is typically associated with conditions like appendicitis in a different part of the abdomen.
D. Frequent burping accompanied by poor feeding can be a sign of discomfort but is not a specific indicator of pyloric stenosis. Projectile vomiting is a more distinctive symptom associated with this condition.
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