A 60-year-old male presents to his primary care provider reporting chest pain. He is diagnosed with atherosclerosis. This disease results in:

Choice A reason: ARBs do not affect the LDL cholesterol levels. They lower the blood pressure by blocking the action of angiotensin II, which is a hormone that causes vasoconstriction and sodium retention. Statins are the drugs that lower the LDL cholesterol levels.

Choice B reason: ARBs do not cause weight loss of more than 2 pounds/week. They lower the blood pressure by blocking the action of angiotensin II, which is a hormone that causes vasoconstriction and sodium retention. Diuretics are the drugs that cause weight loss by increasing the urine output and reducing the fluid volume.

Choice C reason: ARBs do not increase the urinary output. They lower the blood pressure by blocking the action of angiotensin II, which is a hormone that causes vasoconstriction and sodium retention. Diuretics are the drugs that increase the urinary output by inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium and water in the kidneys.

Choice D reason: ARBs lower the blood pressure by blocking the action of angiotensin II, which is a hormone that causes vasoconstriction and sodium retention. Therefore, a nursing assessment that confirms that the ARB that a patient is taking is effective is a decrease in the blood pressure. This is the correct statement that describes the expected outcome of ARBs.

Choice A reason: This is not the cause of airway obstruction in asthma. Collapse of the cartilaginous rings in the bronchi is a feature of tracheobronchomalacia, a condition in which the airways are weak and floppy.

Choice B reason: This is not the cause of airway obstruction in asthma. Type II alveolar cell injury and decreased surfactant are associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a condition in which the alveoli are damaged and filled with fluid.

Choice C reason: This is not the cause of airway obstruction in asthma. Alveolar changes and pulmonary congestion are seen in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a condition in which the alveoli are enlarged and lose their elasticity.

Choice D reason: This is the correct cause of airway obstruction in asthma. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways, characterized by mucus secretion, bronchoconstriction, and airway edema. These factors reduce the diameter of the airways and increase the resistance to airflow.