A 6-year-old child with daytime enuresis complains of dysuria and urgency. What does the nurse recognize these signs and symptoms indicate?
Urinary tract infection
Nephrotic syndrome
Acute glomerulonephritis
Vesicoureteral reflux
The Correct Answer is A
A. Urinary tract infection: Dysuria (painful urination) and urgency are common symptoms of urinary tract infection (UTI) in children.
B. Nephrotic syndrome: Nephrotic syndrome typically presents with proteinuria, edema, and hypoalbuminemia, not dysuria and urgency.
C. Acute glomerulonephritis: Acute glomerulonephritis may present with hematuria, proteinuria, hypertension, and edema, but not typically with dysuria and urgency.
D. Vesicoureteral reflux: Vesicoureteral reflux may present with recurrent UTIs but is not typically associated with dysuria and urgency as primary symptoms.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Offer chicken broth: Chicken broth alone may not provide adequate electrolyte replacement and hydration needed for managing diarrhea-related dehydration.
B. Keep NPO until the diarrhea subsides: NPO status is generally not necessary unless the child is unable to tolerate oral fluids. ORT is preferred to maintain hydration.
C. Start hypertonic IV solution: Hypertonic IV solutions are not typically used for routine management of dehydration from diarrhea in children. ORT is safer and effective.
D. Assist with initiating oral rehydration therapy: Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) is the primary intervention for managing dehydration due to diarrhea in children. It helps replace lost fluids and electrolytes and is the recommended first-line treatment.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Reports of scalp itchiness: Itchiness of the scalp is a common symptom of pediculosis capitis (head lice), caused by the allergic reaction to lice bites. This should alert the nurse to the possibility of head lice and warrant further examination.
B. Patches of baldness: While bald patches can be seen in certain conditions like alopecia areata, they are not typically associated with pediculosis capitis.
C. Dry patches on the scalp: Dry patches may indicate a condition like seborrheic dermatitis or psoriasis, but they are not indicative of pediculosis capitis.
D. Blisters on the scalp: Blisters are more likely associated with skin infections or conditions like impetigo, not pediculosis capitis.
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