A 58-year-old man is going to have chemotherapy for lung cancer. He asks the nurse how the chemotherapeutic drugs will work.The most accurate explanation the nurse can give is which of the following?

"The molecular structure of the DNA is altered."

"Cancer cells are susceptible to drug toxins."

"Chemotherapy encourages cancer cells to divide."

"Chemotherapy affects all rapidly dividing cells."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Chemotherapy is a treatment modality used to target and destroy rapidly dividing cells, including cancer cells. It works by interfering with the cell division process, which is a characteristic of cancer cells. However, it is important to note that chemotherapy drugs can also affect normal, healthy cells in the body that undergo rapid division, such as cells in the bone marrow, hair follicles, and gastrointestinal lining. This is why chemotherapy can be associated with side effects like bone marrow suppression, hair loss, and gastrointestinal disturbances. While the molecular structure of DNA can be altered by certain chemotherapeutic drugs, this explanation is not comprehensive enough to encompass the overall mechanism of action of chemotherapy.

The statement that "cancer cells are susceptible to drug toxins" is partially true, as cancer cells are generally more vulnerable to the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy drugs compared to normal cells.

Chemotherapy aims to disrupt the division and growth of cancer cells rather than promoting their division.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The pH value of 7.5 indicates alkalosis, as it is above the normal range of 7.35-7.45. The elevated bicarbonate (HCO3-) level of 34 mmol/L suggests metabolic alkalosis, as it is higher than the normal range of 22-28 mmol/L. The PaCO2 level of 40 mm Hg falls within the normal range of 35-45 mm Hg.

In this case, the primary disturbance is metabolic alkalosis, which is likely caused by vomiting leading to excessive loss of gastric acid (hydrogen ions) and chloride ions from the stomach. This loss of acid and chloride results in an imbalance of electrolytes and an increase in bicarbonate levels, leading to metabolic alkalosis.

The arterial blood gas results do not indicate any compensation. Compensation occurs when the body attempts to restore the pH balance by adjusting the respiratory or metabolic systems. In this case, there is no compensation observed because the PaCO2 level is within the normal range and not significantly altered.

A. Considered primary treatment for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) B. Used to prevent metastasis to the brain C. Electric current heats and destroys tumor cells D. Best procedure for cure of lung cancer E. Medications that block molecules involved in tumor

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D","E"]

Explanation

a. Considered primary treatment for small cell lung cancer (SCLC): Chemotherapy b. Used to prevent metastasis to the brain: Prophylactic cranial radiation

c. Electric current heats and destroys tumor cells: Radiofrequency ablation d. Best procedure for cure of lung cancer: Surgery

e. Medications that block molecules involved in tumor: Biologic and targeted

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A 58-year-old man is going to have chemotherapy for lung cancer. He asks the nurse how the chemotherapeutic drugs will work.The most accurate explanation the nurse can give is which of the following?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Match using the choices provided:

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D","E"]

Explanation

In reviewing the electrolytes of a patient, the nurse notes the serum potassium level has increased from 4.3 mEq/L to 5.9 mEq/L. Which assessment does the nurse initiate first to prevent further harm?

A nurse practitioner orders 1 liter of 0.9% normal saline to infuse over 6 hours. How many milliliters per hour will the nurse program the IV infusion device? Round off.

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