A 58-year-old man is going to have chemotherapy for lung cancer. He asks the nurse how the chemotherapeutic drugs will work.The most accurate explanation the nurse can give is which of the following?
"The molecular structure of the DNA is altered."
"Cancer cells are susceptible to drug toxins."
"Chemotherapy encourages cancer cells to divide."
"Chemotherapy affects all rapidly dividing cells."
The Correct Answer is D
Chemotherapy is a treatment modality used to target and destroy rapidly dividing cells, including cancer cells. It works by interfering with the cell division process, which is a characteristic of cancer cells. However, it is important to note that chemotherapy drugs can also affect normal, healthy cells in the body that undergo rapid division, such as cells in the bone marrow, hair follicles, and gastrointestinal lining. This is why chemotherapy can be associated with side effects like bone marrow suppression, hair loss, and gastrointestinal disturbances. While the molecular structure of DNA can be altered by certain chemotherapeutic drugs, this explanation is not comprehensive enough to encompass the overall mechanism of action of chemotherapy.
The statement that "cancer cells are susceptible to drug toxins" is partially true, as cancer cells are generally more vulnerable to the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy drugs compared to normal cells.
Chemotherapy aims to disrupt the division and growth of cancer cells rather than promoting their division.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
0.9% Sodium chloride is a balanced isotonic solution that closely resembles the electrolyte composition of the extracellular fluid. It is commonly used to treat dehydration because it helps restore fluid volume and electrolyte balance in the body.
5% dextrose in Lactated Ringers: This solution is typically used for fluid and electrolyte replacement in patients who have significant fluid losses or imbalances, but it may not be the best choice for dehydration alone.
0.45% sodium chloride: This solution, also known as half-normal saline, has a lower concentration of sodium chloride and is often used for patients who require hypotonic fluids. It may not provide enough electrolyte replacement for a dehydrated patient. 3% Normal Saline: This solution has a higher concentration of sodium chloride and is typically used for specific indications, such as severe hyponatremia or in critical care settings. It is not the first-line choice for treating dehydration.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Pancytopenia refers to a decrease in all three major blood cell types: red blood cells (anemia), white blood cells (leukopenia), and platelets (thrombocytopenia). It is a potentially serious side effect that can lead to increased susceptibility to infections, anemia-related symptoms (fatigue, weakness), and an increased risk of bleeding. Prompt reporting is necessary for further
evaluation and appropriate management.
While melena (dark, tarry stools) is a concerning side effect, it typically indicates gastrointestinal bleeding, which should also be reported promptly but may not require immediate action unless the bleeding is severe or accompanied by other symptoms.
Decreased vision can be a side effect of certain medications, including NSAIDs, but it does not usually require immediate reporting unless it is severe or rapidly progressive. Hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) can occur with NSAID therapy, especially in individuals with preexisting diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance. While it should be monitored and managed appropriately, it does not typically require immediate reporting unless it is extremely high or associated with other concerning symptoms.
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