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A-55-year old male patient is admitted with a massive GI bleed. The patient is at risk for what type of acute kidney injury?

refer to a condition where significant urinary tract obstruction which in severe or long- standing cases can yield to backup of urine into the kidneys

refer to a condition when direct damage to the kidneys causes a sudden loss in kidney function.

refer to a condition in which the kidneys stop functioning due to internal kidney disease.

refer to a condition in which kidney blood flow may become significantly reduced include those in which a significant amount of fluid has been lost.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A rationale: This refers to postrenal AKI, which is caused by an obstruction in the urinary tract that prevents urine from leaving the body.

Choice B rationale: This refers to AKI in general and is not specific compared to choice D.

Choice C rationale: This refers to intrinsic AKI, which is caused by damage to the kidney tissue or cells from various causes, such as inflammation, infection, toxins, or ischemia.

Choice D rationale: This is correct because it is pre-renal AKI, a condition in which kidney blood flow may become significantly reduced, including cases where a significant amount of fluid has been lost. This situation suggests potential hypovolemia (low blood volume) due to the massive GI bleed, which can lead to reduced kidney blood flow and subsequent acute kidney injury.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale: The patient with type 2 diabetes admitted with pneumonia might not necessarily need insulin therapy to prevent ketoacidosis.

Choice B rationale: Type 2 diabetes doesn't typically involve islet cell antibodies destroying the pancreas's ability to produce insulin.

Choice C rationale: In this scenario, the patient might have enough endogenous insulin to prevent ketosis but could be at risk for hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome due to illness-induced stress.

Choice D rationale: Type 2 diabetes often involves some degree of endogenous insulin secretion, and not all patients require daily insulin injections.

A. A glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) value of 6.9 B. A postprandial blood glucose level of 170 mg/dL. C. A confirmed fasting plasma glucose level of 100 mg/dL and a postprandial blood glucose level of 200 mg/dL D. A fasting plasma glucose level of 90 mg/dL

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale: A glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) value of 6.9 indicates that the client has prediabetes, which is a risk factor for developing diabetes.

Choice B rationale: A postprandial blood glucose level of 170 mg/dL is within the normal range.

Choice C rationale: This indicates that the client has diabetes mellitus. According to the American Diabetes Association, a diagnosis of diabetes can be made if one of the

following criteria is met: a fasting plasma glucose level of 126 mg/dL or higher, a postprandial blood glucose level of 200 mg/dL or higher, or an HbA1c value of 6.5% or higher.

Choice D rationale: A fasting plasma glucose level of 90 mg/dL is within the normal range.

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A-55-year old male patient is admitted with a massive GI bleed. The patient is at risk for what type of acute kidney injury?

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