A 45-year-old client with breast cancer which has metastasized is receiving hospice care. The client is at home and the family is concerned about their loved one.

The nurse assesses the client.

Which of the following signs indicate that the client is near death?

Decreased muscle tone, relaxed jaw muscles, sagging mouth.

Urine output is clear yellow.

Altered breathing (apnea, labored or irregular breathing, Cheyne-Stokes pattern).

Congestion/increased pulmonary secretions; noisy respirations (death rattle). .

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,C,D

Choice A rationale
Decreased muscle tone, relaxed jaw muscles, and a sagging mouth are common signs that indicate a client is near death. These changes occur as the body begins to shut down and muscle control diminishes.
Choice B rationale
Clear yellow urine output is not typically associated with the end-of-life stage. As death approaches, urine output usually decreases and may become darker in color.
Choice C rationale
Altered breathing patterns, such as apnea, labored or irregular breathing, and Cheyne-Stokes respiration, are common signs that a client is nearing death. These changes in breathing patterns are due to the body’s decreasing ability to regulate respiratory function.
Choice D rationale
Congestion and increased pulmonary secretions, often referred to as the “death rattle,” are common signs that a client is near death. These noisy respirations occur as the body’s ability to clear secretions diminishes.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale
The client is dehydrated. Dehydration typically results in concentrated, dark yellow urine. Clear, yellow urine indicates that the client is well-hydrated and not dehydrated. Dehydration would cause the urine to be more concentrated and darker in color due to the reduced volume of water in the body.
Choice B rationale
The client has a urinary tract infection. A urinary tract infection (UTI) often causes urine to appear cloudy, foul-smelling, or tinged with blood. Clear, yellow urine is not indicative of a UTI. UTIs are usually associated with symptoms such as pain or burning during urination, frequent urination, and cloudy or bloody urine.
Choice C rationale
The client has normal urine output. Clear, yellow urine is a sign of normal urine output and indicates that the client is well-hydrated. Normal urine color ranges from pale yellow to amber, depending on the concentration of the urine. Clear, yellow urine suggests that the client is drinking an adequate amount of water and maintaining proper hydration.
Choice D rationale
The client has kidney stones. Kidney stones can cause urine to appear cloudy, pink, red, or brown due to the presence of blood. Clear, yellow urine is not indicative of kidney stones. Symptoms of kidney stones include severe pain in the back or side, blood in the urine, and frequent urination. Clear, yellow urine suggests that the client does not have kidney stones.

A. Ask the healthcare provider for a mild sedative for bedtime. B. Take an afternoon nap to make up for missed sleep. C. Drink a mixture of warm water, whiskey, and honey at bedtime. D. Establish a regular time for going to bed and getting up. E. Avoid drinking caffeinated beverages late in the day.

Correct Answer is ["D","E"]

Explanation

Choice A rationale
Asking the healthcare provider for a mild sedative for bedtime may not be the best first-line approach for improving sleep. Sedatives can have side effects and may lead to dependency.
Non-pharmacological interventions are generally preferred for managing sleep disturbances in older adults.
Choice B rationale
Taking an afternoon nap to make up for missed sleep can disrupt the sleep-wake cycle and make it harder to fall asleep at night. It is generally recommended to avoid napping during the day to improve nighttime sleep quality.
Choice C rationale
Drinking a mixture of warm water, whiskey, and honey at bedtime is not a recommended practice for improving sleep. Alcohol can disrupt sleep patterns and lead to poor sleep quality. It is better to avoid alcohol before bedtime.
Choice D rationale
Establishing a regular time for going to bed and getting up helps regulate the body’s internal clock and improve sleep quality. Consistency in sleep schedules is a key factor in promoting healthy sleep habits.
Choice E rationale
Avoiding caffeinated beverages late in the day is important for improving sleep. Caffeine is a stimulant that can interfere with the ability to fall asleep and stay asleep.

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A 45-year-old client with breast cancer which has metastasized is receiving hospice care. The client is at home and the family is concerned about their loved one. The nurse assesses the client. Which of the following signs indicate that the client is near death?

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A client voided clear, yellow urine.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

An older adult female client tells the clinic nurse about frequently awakening during the night and not being able to go back to sleep. What action(s) should the nurse suggest to the client to help improve sleep? Select all that apply.

Correct Answer is ["D","E"]

Explanation

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A 45-year-old client with breast cancer which has metastasized is receiving hospice care. The client is at home and the family is concerned about their loved one.

The nurse assesses the client.

Which of the following signs indicate that the client is near death?