A 30 weeks' gestation neonate born with low Apgar scores is in the neonatal intensive care unit with respiratory distress syndrome and underwent an exchange transfusion for anemia. Which factors place the neonate at risk for necrotizing enterocolitis? Select all that apply

hyperthermia

low Apgar scores

preterm birth

respiratory distress syndrome

exchange transfusion

hyperglycemia

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,C,D,E

A.   Hyperthermia is not typically associated with an increased risk of necrotizing enterocolitis.
B.   Low Apgar scores indicate that the baby had difficulty adapting to life outside the womb and may have suffered from hypoxia or acidosis.
C.   Preterm birth is a significant risk factor for necrotizing enterocolitis.
D.   Respiratory distress syndrome is associated with prematurity and is a risk factor for necrotizing enterocolitis.
E.   Exchange transfusion, a procedure often performed in neonates with severe jaundice or anemia, is associated with an increased risk of necrotizing enterocolitis.
F.   Hyperglycemia is not typically associated with an increased risk of necrotizing enterocolitis.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Toddlers are typically not yet focused on peer approval as a developmental task.
B. While safety and security are important for toddlers, they are not the primary focus driving the behavior described.
C. Toddlers are asserting their need for independence and control over their environment, leading to behaviors such as tantrums when limits are set.
D. Love and belonging are important for all ages but are not the primary focus driving the behavior described.

A. Have the parent stand near and/or rub the child's feet during the procedure. B. Use restraint or "holding down" of the child during the procedure to prevent injury. C. Insert a saline lock if the child will require multiple doses of parenteral medications. D. Avoid using numbing techniques for multiple blood draws or IV insertion.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Having the parent stand near and providing comfort measures, is not correct because it may not be enough to comfort the child or reduce anxiety during the procedure.
B. Using restraint or holding down the child during a procedure can increase anxiety, distress, and trauma, and is not recommended.
C. A saline lock is a device that allows access to a vein without having to insert a needle each time. This can reduce the number of painful procedures and lower the risk of infection or inflammation.
D. Numbing techniques can help reduce pain and discomfort during procedures and are typically used to enhance atraumatic care, especially for repeated procedures like blood draws or IV insertion. Therefore, avoiding them may not be beneficial.

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A 30 weeks' gestation neonate born with low Apgar scores is in the neonatal intensive care unit with respiratory distress syndrome and underwent an exchange transfusion for anemia. Which factors place the neonate at risk for necrotizing enterocolitis? Select all that apply

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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