A 29-week gravid patient is admitted to the labor and delivery unit with vaginal bleeding. To differentiate between placenta previa and abruptio placentae, the nurse should assess which of the following?

Quantity of vaginal bleeding

Presence of abdominal pain

Leopold's maneuver results.

Maternal blood pressure

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Quantity of vaginal bleeding. While both placenta previa and abruptio placentae can cause vaginal bleeding, the amount alone does not differentiate between the two conditions. Placenta previa typically causes painless, bright red bleeding, whereas abruptio placentae often presents with concealed or variable bleeding, making quantity an unreliable distinguishing factor.

B. Presence of abdominal pain. Abdominal pain is a key differentiating factor. Placenta previa is characterized by painless vaginal bleeding, while abruptio placentae causes sudden, severe abdominal pain due to placental detachment and uterine muscle irritation. This makes the presence or absence of pain an important assessment finding.

C. Leopold's maneuver results. While Leopold’s maneuvers help determine fetal position and presentation, they do not provide definitive information about the location of the placenta or differentiate between placenta previa and abruptio placentae. Ultrasound is a more reliable diagnostic tool for this purpose.

D. Maternal blood pressure. Although abruptio placentae can lead to hypovolemic shock and blood pressure changes due to hemorrhage, maternal blood pressure alone is not a primary diagnostic criterion for differentiating between the two conditions. Other clinical findings such as pain and ultrasound results are more useful for diagnosis.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. 2+ Deep Tendon Reflexes. A 2+ deep tendon reflex is considered normal and does not indicate worsening preeclampsia. Severe preeclampsia is often associated with hyperreflexia, typically 3+ or 4+, which can signal worsening central nervous system involvement and an increased risk for seizures.

B. Platelets of 20,000. A platelet count of 20,000 is dangerously low and suggests the development of HELLP syndrome, a severe complication of preeclampsia that includes hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets. This condition increases the risk of spontaneous bleeding and requires immediate medical intervention.

C. Urine output of 75 ml per hour. A urine output of 75 mL per hour is adequate and does not indicate worsening kidney function. In severe preeclampsia, oliguria (urine output less than 30 mL per hour) is a more concerning sign, as it suggests impaired renal perfusion and possible acute kidney injury.

D. 1+ Proteinuria. While proteinuria is a key feature of preeclampsia, a 1+ reading is mild and not necessarily indicative of worsening disease. Severe preeclampsia is typically associated with proteinuria of 3+ or higher, along with other symptoms such as hypertension, headache, and visual disturbances.

A. The patient will deliver a baby that is appropriate for gestational age B. The patient will have a normal blood glucose throughout the pregnancy C. The patient will deliver after 38 weeks' gestation D. The patient will gain less than 25 pounds during the pregnancy

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. The patient will deliver a baby that is appropriate for gestational age. While cerclage helps prevent preterm birth, it does not directly influence fetal growth or ensure that the baby will be appropriate for gestational age (AGA). Factors such as maternal nutrition, placental function, and genetics play a larger role in fetal growth.

B. The patient will have a normal blood glucose throughout the pregnancy. Cerclage is performed to prevent cervical insufficiency and preterm birth, not to regulate blood glucose. Maintaining normal blood sugar levels is important for pregnancy outcomes but is unrelated to this procedure.

C. The patient will deliver after 38 weeks' gestation. The primary goal of a cerclage is to prevent preterm birth by reinforcing the cervix and allowing the pregnancy to progress to term. Women with a history of second-trimester pregnancy losses or cervical insufficiency benefit from this procedure to increase the likelihood of delivering at or near term.

D. The patient will gain less than 25 pounds during the pregnancy. Weight gain recommendations are based on maternal BMI and nutritional status, not the need for a cerclage. The procedure does not directly affect maternal weight gain.

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A 29-week gravid patient is admitted to the labor and delivery unit with vaginal bleeding. To differentiate between placenta previa and abruptio placentae, the nurse should assess which of the following?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Explanation

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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