A 15-year-old adolescent male with a mild mental disability is hospitalized for minor surgery and tells the practical nurse (PN), "Wow! You have big breasts."

Which response is best for the PN to provide?

The correct answer is Choice C:

Suggest that an increase in fruits and vegetables is more beneficial.

Choice C rationale:

While dairy products do provide essential nutrients like calcium and vitamin D, there is no strong evidence to suggest that increasing dairy intake alone will significantly reduce the risk of cancer. On the other hand, fruits and vegetables are known to be rich in antioxidants and phytochemicals that have been associated with a reduced risk of cancer. Therefore, suggesting an increase in fruits and vegetables is a more evidence-based approach to reducing cancer risk.

Choice A rationale:

Encouraging exercise is a good recommendation for overall health, but it does not directly address the client's concern about reducing cancer risk. Focusing on a balanced diet, including plenty of fruits and vegetables, is more relevant to the client's specific concern.

Choice B rationale:

Reminding the client about Vitamin D-fortified dairy products may be helpful for addressing Vitamin D intake, but it doesn't necessarily address the broader concern of reducing cancer risk. Moreover, the link between dairy and cancer risk reduction is not as well-established as the benefits of fruits and vegetables.

Choice D rationale:

Providing information about cancer warning signs is important for cancer awareness but doesn't address the client's current dietary choices and concerns about cancer prevention. The focus should be on evidence-based dietary recommendations to reduce cancer risk.

This is the best action that describes the responsibility of the PN because it ensures that the client has given informed consent for the invasive examination and that the consent form is valid and documented. The PN should verify that the provider has explained the examination, its risks and benefits, and alternative options to the client and that the client has agreed to proceed.

A. Explaining the examination and asking the client to sign the consent form is not the responsibility of the PN but of the provider who will perform the examination.

B. Obtaining the medical record for the correct signed consent form prior to the examination is not enough to ensure informed consent and may not involve any interaction with the client.

C. Asking if the client understands the exam and why the consent form must be signed is not enough to ensure informed consent and may not address any questions or concerns that the client may have.