Introduction to Peptic Ulcer Disease
- Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a condition that involves the formation of open sores or ulcers in the lining of the stomach or the duodenum, which is the first part of the small intestine.
- PUD can cause abdominal pain, bleeding, and other complications.
- The most common causes of PUD are infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) bacteria and long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
- Peptic ulcers can affect the stomach (gastric ulcers) or the duodenum (duodenal ulcers). Less commonly, they can also occur in the lower esophagus or beyond the duodenum.
- Peptic ulcers are common, affecting about 10% of people in their lifetime.
- Peptic ulcers can cause symptoms such as burning stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and anemia.
- Some people may have no symptoms or only mild discomfort.
- Peptic ulcers can lead to serious complications such as bleeding, perforation, infection, and obstruction. These complications may require emergency treatment or surgery.
- Peptic ulcers can be diagnosed by tests such as blood tests, breath tests, stool tests, endoscopy, upper gastrointestinal series, and biopsy.
- Peptic ulcers can be treated by medications such as antibiotics, proton pump inhibitors, H2 blockers, and antacids. These medications aim to eradicate H. pylori infection, reduce acid production, and promote healing of ulcers.
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