Effects of Immobility on Body Systems

Musculoskeletal system: Immobility can lead to muscle weakness, atrophy, contractures, and joint stiffness.

Respiratory system: Immobility can result in decreased lung expansion, atelectasis, pneumonia, and respiratory complications.

Cardiovascular system: Immobility can cause decreased cardiac output, orthostatic hypotension, venous stasis, and increased risk of thrombus formation.
Integumentary system: Immobility increases the risk of pressure ulcers, skin breakdown, and impaired wound healing.

Gastrointestinal system: Immobility can lead to constipation, fecal impaction, and decreased appetite.

Urinary system: Immobility increases the risk of urinary stasis, urinary tract infections, and renal calculi formation.

Psychological and emotional well-being: Immobility can contribute to depression, anxiety, social isolation, and decreased self-esteem.