You realize that your client's bladder functions are only slightly altered by the physiological changes of age. What might you expect if an older person is experiencing urinary incontinence?

Choice A reason: Set walking distance goals is not the best goal, as it is too specific and may not be appropriate for all older clients with diabetes. Walking distance may vary depending on the client's physical condition, comorbidities, and preferences.

Choice B reason: Stabilize the serum glucose is not the best goal, as it is too vague and does not reflect the client's involvement in their care. Serum glucose levels may fluctuate depending on various factors, such as diet, medication, stress, and infection.

Choice C reason: Plan for consistent exercise is not the best goal, as it is not comprehensive and does not address other aspects of diabetes management, such as nutrition, medication, and monitoring. Exercise is only one component of a holistic care plan for older clients with diabetes.

Choice D reason: Facilitate self-management is the best goal, as it encompasses all the elements of diabetes care and empowers the client to take charge of their health. Self-management involves educating the client about diabetes, providing support and resources, and encouraging adherence to the prescribed treatment regimen.

Choice E reason: None of the above is not the correct answer, as there is one choice that is the best goal for planning nursing care for an older client with diabetes mellitus.

Choice A reason: Scabies is a skin infestation caused by tiny mites that burrow into the skin and lay eggs. It causes intense itching and a pimple-like rash, usually in the folds of the skin, such as the armpits, groin, or between the fingers. Scabies is highly contagious and can spread through direct skin contact or shared clothing or bedding.

Choice B reason: Herpes zoster, also known as shingles, is a viral infection that affects the nerves and the skin. It causes a painful, blistering rash that usually appears on one side of the body or face. Herpes zoster is caused by the same virus that causes chickenpox, which can reactivate later in life, especially in older adults or people with weakened immune systems.

Choice C reason: Skin cancer is an abnormal growth of skin cells that can be caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds. It can appear as a new or changing mole, a sore that does not heal, or a scaly or crusty patch of skin. Skin cancer can vary in appearance, size, shape, and color, depending on the type and stage of the cancer.

Choice D reason: Actinic keratosis is a precancerous skin condition that is caused by chronic sun damage. It appears as rough, scaly, or crusty spots on the skin, usually on the face, ears, scalp, or hands. Actinic keratosis can sometimes develop into squamous cell carcinoma, a type of skin cancer, if left untreated.