Why is glucose metabolism profoundly affected during pregnancy?
The pregnant woman uses glucose at a more rapid rate than the nonpregnant woman.
Placental hormones are antagonistic to insulin, thus resulting in insulin resistance.
Pancreatic function in the islets of Langerhans is affected by pregnancy.
The pregnant woman increases her dietary intake significantly.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: This is not the correct answer, as the pregnant woman does not use glucose at a more rapid rate than the nonpregnant woman. In fact, the pregnant woman has lower fasting glucose levels and higher postprandial glucose levels than the nonpregnant woman. This is because the pregnant woman adapts to the increased fetal demand for glucose by increasing her insulin secretion and decreasing her hepatic glucose production.
Choice B reason: This is the correct answer, as placental hormones are antagonistic to insulin, thus resulting in insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is a condition where the cells do not respond well to insulin and require more insulin to maintain normal glucose levels. Placental hormones, such as human placental lactogen, progesterone, and cortisol, increase the insulin resistance of the maternal tissues, especially in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. This is to ensure that the fetus has enough glucose supply, as the placenta is not insulin resistant and can transport glucose to the fetus².
Choice C reason: This is not the correct answer, as pancreatic function in the islets of Langerhans is not affected by pregnancy. The islets of Langerhans are clusters of cells in the pancreas that produce hormones, such as insulin and glucagon, that regulate glucose metabolism. Pregnancy does not impair the function of the islets of Langerhans, but rather stimulates them to increase their size and number. This is to compensate for the increased insulin resistance and glucose demand of the pregnancy.
Choice D reason: This is not the correct answer, as the pregnant woman does not increase her dietary intake significantly. The pregnant woman needs to consume adequate calories and nutrients to support the fetal growth and development, but not excessively. The recommended weight gain during pregnancy depends on the pre-pregnancy BMI of the woman, but generally ranges from 11 to 16 kg. The recommended calorie intake during pregnancy is about 300 kcal more than the pre-pregnancy intake, which is equivalent to one extra snack per day.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Quickening is the first perception of fetal movement by the pregnant woman, usually felt between 16 and 20 weeks of gestation. However, quickening can also be confused with gas or peristalsis, which are normal digestive processes that cause sensations in the abdomen.
Choice B reason: Chadwick sign is a bluish discoloration of the cervix, vagina, and vulva due to increased blood flow during pregnancy. It can be observed by the examiner as early as 6 weeks of gestation. However, Chadwick sign can also be caused by pelvic congestion, which is a chronic condition of enlarged and dilated veins in the pelvis².
Choice C reason: Amenorrhea is the absence of menstrual periods, which is one of the most common signs of pregnancy. However, amenorrhea can also be caused by stress, endocrine problems, or other factors that affect the hormonal balance and ovulation.
Choice D reason: Goodell sign is the softening of the cervix due to increased vascularity and edema during pregnancy. It can be palpated by the examiner around 6 to 8 weeks of gestation. Goodell sign is not associated with any other condition besides pregnancy, unlike cervical polyps, which are benign growths of the cervical tissue that can cause bleeding or discharge.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Intense abdominal pain is the most prevalent clinical manifestation of abruptio placentae, as it indicates the detachment of the placenta from the uterine wall and the bleeding into the uterine muscle. The pain can be localized or diffuse, and it can be constant or intermittent. The pain can also radiate to the back or the shoulder.
Choice B reason: Cramping is not the most prevalent clinical manifestation of abruptio placentae, as it is not specific to the condition. Cramping can occur in normal pregnancy or in other complications such as preterm labor, infection, or cervical insufficiency.
Choice C reason: Uterine activity is not the most prevalent clinical manifestation of abruptio placentae, as it is not specific to the condition. Uterine activity can occur in normal pregnancy or in other complications such as preterm labor, infection, or placenta previa.
Choice D reason: Bleeding is not the most prevalent clinical manifestation of abruptio placentae, as it may or may not be present. Bleeding can be concealed or revealed, depending on the location and extent of the placental separation. Concealed bleeding occurs when the blood is trapped behind the placenta and does not exit the vagina. Revealed bleeding occurs when the blood passes through the cervix and exits the vagina.
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