While completing the cardiovascular system health history, a client reports difficulty falling asleep unless she is in an upright position. Which of the following potential problems should the nurse further investigate?

Chest pain

Orthopnea

Edema

Palpitations

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Chest pain: This symptom is important but does not specifically correlate with difficulty sleeping unless upright.

B. Orthopnea: Difficulty breathing while lying flat (orthopnea) is typically associated with heart failure and would require further investigation to understand its impact on the client's sleep.

C. Edema: While edema can be a sign of cardiovascular problems, it does not directly explain the difficulty in sleeping unless in an upright position.

D. Palpitations: Palpitations might affect sleep but are less directly linked to the need to sleep upright compared to orthopnea.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Rationale:
A. Second or third intercostal space at the left sternal border: Erb's point is located here, and it's a key area for listening to heart sounds, particularly the aortic and pulmonic valves.

B. The second intercostal space at the right sternal border: This area is typically used to auscultate the aortic valve.

C. Fifth intercostal space near the left midclavicular line: This area is used to auscultate the mitral valve, not Erb's point.

D. Third intercostal space at the left sternal border: This is the location for listening to the pulmonic valve, not Erb's point.

A. Systolic murmur B. Diastolic murmur C. Absent murmur D. Very faint murmur

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Systolic murmur: Systolic murmurs occur during systole and include conditions like aortic stenosis or mitral regurgitation.

B. Diastolic murmur: Aortic insufficiency/regurgitation occurs during diastole when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow back into the left ventricle.

C. Absent murmur: Aortic insufficiency/regurgitation is not classified as absent; it is detectable with auscultation.

D. Very faint murmur: Although aortic regurgitation murmurs can vary in intensity, the classification pertains to the timing of the murmur, not its loudness.

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While completing the cardiovascular system health history, a client reports difficulty falling asleep unless she is in an upright position. Which of the following potential problems should the nurse further investigate?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The traditional areas of auscultation of heart sounds include Erb's point, which is located at?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Aortic insufficiency/regurgitation murmur is classified as a:

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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