Which symptom is most indicative of pneumonia in a 6-year old child?

Sore throat.

Tympany noted on chest percussion.

Auscultation of ronchi or fine crackles.

Temp of 37.8 Celsius.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Pneumonia is an infection that causes inflammation in the lungs. Auscultation refers to listening to the sounds produced by the lungs using a stethoscope. Ronchi and fine crackles are abnormal lung sounds that can be heard during auscultation in individuals with pneumonia.

These sounds are associated with the presence of fluid or mucus in the lungs, which is characteristic of pneumonia.

While other symptoms such as a sore throat, tympany noted on chest percussion, and a slightly elevated temperature (37.8 degrees Celsius) can be present in various respiratory conditions, the auscultation findings of ronchi or fine crackles specifically suggest an underlying lung infection like pneumonia.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A 3% saline solution is a hypertonic solution used to increase serum sodium levels in cases of severe hyponatremia. However, it can lead to fluid overload and pulmonary edema. The presence of crackles throughout both lung fields indicates the accumulation of fluid in the lungs, which is a serious adverse outcome.

The patient's radial pulse rate of 105 beats/min is within a normal range and does not directly indicate an adverse effect of the saline infusion.

The presence of sediment and blood in the patient's urine may be unrelated to the 3% saline infusion and could indicate other issues such as urinary tract infection or kidney injury.

An increase in blood pressure from 66/50 to 122/74 mmHg is an expected effect of a hypertonic solution like 3% saline, as it can cause an increase in intravascular volume. While the increase in blood pressure is significant, it does not represent an adverse outcome specific to the infusion itself.

A. Decreased cortisol level. B. Elevated glucocorticoid level. C. Decreased aldosterone secretion. D. Elevated insulin secretion.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Cushing's syndrome is a disorder characterized by excessive production or prolonged exposure to high levels of glucocorticoids, particularly cortisol. This can occur due to various reasons, such as the use of corticosteroid medications or overproduction of cortisol by the adrenal glands. Elevated glucocorticoid levels result in a variety of clinical manifestations associated with Cushing's syndrome, including weight gain, central obesity, muscle wasting, thinning of the skin, easy bruising, and impaired glucose metabolism.

It's important to note that Cushing's syndrome can have different underlying causes, such as adrenal tumors, pituitary tumors, or ectopic ACTH production. Regardless of the cause, the common feature in Cushing's syndrome is the excessive glucocorticoid levels, which contribute to the signs and symptoms of the condition.

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Which symptom is most indicative of pneumonia in a 6-year old child?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A patient is receiving a 3% saline continuous IV infusion for hyponatremia. Which assessment data represents an adverse outcome (side effect) of this infusion?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A patient is admitted for treatment of Cushing's syndrome. The nurse correlates this disease process to which alteration in endocrine function?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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