Which subjective description of pain would the nurse expect from a patient who has cholecystitis?

Choice A reason: Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver and does not directly cause biliary sludge. It can lead to liver damage and other complications, but not specifically biliary sludge.
Choice B reason: Bile stasis, or the stagnation of bile, leads to the formation of biliary sludge. When bile does not flow properly, it can thicken and form sludge, which consists of bile salts, cholesterol, and other substances.
Choice C reason: Ascites is the accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity, typically due to liver disease, and does not cause biliary sludge.
Choice D reason: Biliary colic is pain caused by the obstruction of the bile ducts, often by gallstones, but it does not itself cause the formation of biliary sludge. Sludge can lead to biliary colic if it obstructs the bile ducts, but it is not a causative condition.

Choice A reason: Refrigerating the urine during the collection period helps preserve the integrity of the sample by preventing bacterial growth and chemical changes, ensuring accurate test results.
Choice B reason: Discarding the client's last void at the end of the collection period is incorrect; instead, the first void at the beginning of the period should be discarded to start the collection with an empty bladder.
Choice C reason: Saving the first void at the start of the collection period is not standard practice. The first void should be discarded, and then the collection starts with the next void.
Choice D reason: Including toilet paper with the collected urine can contaminate the sample and is not an appropriate action.