Which statement best documents the situation when a client becomes extremely agitated after receiving a sedative?

An idiosyncratic drug effect.

A toxic drug effect.

An allergic drug response.

An unexpected drug interaction.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

An idiosyncratic drug effect is an unpredictable and uncommon reaction to a drug that is not related to the dose, the pharmacology, or the patient’s allergy or intolerance. It may be caused by genetic factors, metabolic abnormalities, or interactions with other drugs or substances. An example of an idiosyncratic drug effect is paradoxical agitation or excitement after receiving a sedative.

B. A toxic drug effect is a harmful reaction to a drug that is related to the dose or the pharmacology of the drug. It may cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, confusion, or respiratory depression. A toxic drug effect is unlikely to cause agitation after receiving a sedative unless there is an overdose or a drug interaction that increases the level of the sedative in the blood.

C. An allergic drug response is an immunological reaction to a drug that is not related to the dose or the pharmacology of the drug. It may cause symptoms such as rash, itching, swelling, fever, or anaphylaxis. An allergic drug response is unlikely to cause agitation after receiving a sedative unless there is a severe anaphylactic reaction that affects the brain or the circulation.

D. An unexpected drug interaction is a modification of the effect of one drug by another drug or substance that is not predictable based on their pharmacology. It may cause an increase or a decrease in the efficacy or toxicity of one or both drugs. An unexpected drug interaction may cause agitation after receiving a sedative if there is a synergistic effect that enhances the central nervous system stimulation of another drug or substance (such as caffeine, cocaine, or amphetamines) or if there is an antagonistic effect that reduces the central nervous system depression of the sedative (such as flumazenil, naloxone, or physostigmine). However, these interactions are usually known and avoidable by checking the patient’s history and medication list.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

My spouse will just have to put up with any new irritability. This statement indicates that the client requires further educational reinforcement about the medication because phenelzine is an antidepressant that should improve the mood and reduce irritability. The client may also need to be assessed for possible adverse effects of phenelzine, such as agitation, insomnia, or hypomania.

Choice A is wrong because it is a correct statement. Phenelzine is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) that can interact with foods that contain tyramine, such as cheese and caffeine, and cause a hypertensive crisis.

The client should avoid excessive amounts of these foods while taking phenelzine.

Choice C is wrong because it is also a correct statement. Phenelzine can cause orthostatic hypotension, which is a drop in blood pressure when changing positions.

The client should change positions slowly, as dizziness may occur.

Choice D is wrong because it is partially correct. Phenelzine can cause headaches, which may be a sign of a hypertensive crisis.

A. A normal reaction to a position change. B. Gait belt applied. C. Orthostatic hypotension noted with dangling. D. Elevated blood sugar probable.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Orthostatic hypotension noted with dangling.

This means that the client’s blood pressure drops when changing position from lying down to sitting or standing. This can cause symptoms such as paleness, sweating, rapid pulse, weakness, and dizziness.

The nurse should document this finding and report it to the physician.

Choice A is wrong because a normal reaction to a position change would not cause such severe symptoms.

Choice B is wrong because the gait belt applied is not a finding but an intervention.

Choice D is wrong because elevated blood sugar probable is not a finding but a speculation.

Choice E is wrong because spot accucheck obtained is not a finding but an action.

Choice F is wrong because fear of falling expressed by a client is not a finding related to the client’s vital signs or physical condition.

Choice G is wrong because provided reassurance is not a finding but a nursing measure.

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Which statement best documents the situation when a client becomes extremely agitated after receiving a sedative?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client has been recently started on phenelzine, a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) for depression. Which statement indicates that the client requires further educational reinforcement about the medication?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is getting a client out of bed to ambulate for the first time. The client is pale, diaphoretic, has a pulse of 100/minute, and says, “I feel weak. Let me sit on the side of the bed for a minute.” What finding should the nurse document?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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