Which principle(s) would be included when teaching a patient to use a steroid inhaler? (Select All that Apply.)

Rinse and spit after inhalation of the medication.

Bronchodilators should be administered before steroid inhalers.

The inhaler should be used on a PRN basis only.

Frequent oral hygiene is necessary.

Hold the breath for 10 seconds during inhalation of the medication.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,D,E

A.   Rinsing the mouth and spitting after using a steroid inhaler is essential to prevent oral thrush, a common side effect of inhaled corticosteroids. This practice helps clear residual medication from the mouth and throat, reducing the risk of fungal infections.
B.   Bronchodilators, such as short-acting beta-agonists (SABAs), should be used before steroid inhalers. The bronchodilator opens the airways, allowing the steroid to reach deeper into the lungs for better efficacy.
C.   While some inhalers (like rescue inhalers) may be used on a PRN basis, steroid inhalers are typically prescribed for regular, daily use to manage inflammation and control chronic conditions like asthma or COPD. They are not intended for PRN use only.
D.   Frequent oral hygiene helps to reduce the risk of oral thrush and other oral health issues associated with steroid use. Patients should be encouraged to maintain good oral hygiene practices while using inhaled steroids.
E.   Holding the breath for about 10 seconds after inhalation allows for better medication absorption in the lungs. This practice helps maximize the efficacy of the inhaled medication.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Anemia itself is not typically a direct cause of secondary hypertension. While severe anemia can sometimes lead to changes in blood pressure, it is not recognized as a common or identifiable cause of secondary hypertension. Therefore, this option is not the best answer.
B. Glaucoma primarily affects eye health and is characterized by increased intraocular pressure. While there is some association between systemic hypertension and glaucoma, glaucoma is not considered a direct cause of secondary hypertension. It’s more of a complication that can occur in patients with high blood pressure rather than a cause of it.
C. Kidney disease is one of the most common and significant causes of secondary hypertension. Conditions such as chronic kidney disease or renal artery stenosis can lead to increased blood pressure due to fluid retention and changes in hormonal regulation (like the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system). Therefore, this option is a highly identifiable cause of secondary hypertension.
D. Cataracts involve the clouding of the lens of the eye and are typically related to aging and other factors such as diabetes. While cataracts can be associated with systemic diseases like diabetes and hypertension, they are not considered a direct cause of secondary hypertension.

A. Blocks formation of angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor B. Blocks the action, not the formation, of angiotensin C. Relaxes the smooth muscle of the blood vessels. D. Decreases blood vessels ability to contract and cause vasoconstriction.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. This is the mechanism of action of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, not calcium channel blockers. ACE inhibitors work by preventing the formation of angiotensin II, a hormone that causes blood vessels to constrict.
B. Calcium channel blockers do not directly affect angiotensin.
C. This is the correct mechanism of action of calcium channel blockers. By blocking the influx of calcium ions into smooth muscle cells, these medications cause the blood vessels to relax and dilate, lowering blood pressure.
D. Calcium channel blockers work by relaxing the smooth muscle of the blood vessels, which decreases their ability to contract and cause vasoconstriction.

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Which principle(s) would be included when teaching a patient to use a steroid inhaler? (Select All that Apply.)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client is admitted to the hospital with a long history of hypertension. The nurse should assess the client for which identifiable cause of secondary hypertension?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

In administering a calcium channel blocker to a patient diagnosed with primary hypertension, the nurse understands this is due to which mechanism of action of this medication?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

What nursing assessment finding would be associated with a diagnosis of pneumonia in the older adult?

The physician orders iron sucrose 200 mg IV. The pharmacy sends the medication in a 100 mL bag of normal saline with the directions to infuse the IV over 15 minutes. The nurse sets the IV Infusion pump to mL/hr.

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The nurse is caring for a homeless patient at risk for tuberculosis (TB). Which clinical manifestations of the disease would the nurse include in the teaching plan? (Select All that Apply.)

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Which test would the nurse expect the primary care provider to order to look for exposure to tuberculosis?

A nurse is instructing a client who is newly diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) about the use of antitubercular medications. Which of th following information should the nurse include in the teaching?

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