A nurse is educating a client who has a chronic illness about a DASH diet. Which of the following meals best fits the DASH diet?

Hamburger, steak fries, and an orange

Turkey sandwich on whole wheat bread, green beans, and banana

Pork sausage and baked beans

Enriched cereal in whole milk

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A.   This meal includes a hamburger, which is typically high in saturated fat and sodium, especially if it's made from fatty cuts of meat and includes processed cheese or condiments. Steak fries are often high in fat and sodium due to being fried. While the orange is a healthy fruit, the rest of the meal does not align with the DASH diet principles.
B.   This meal is a good example of the DASH diet. The turkey provides lean protein, whole wheat bread offers whole grains, and the green beans are a vegetable. The banana adds a serving of fruit. This combination emphasizes a variety of food groups that are encouraged in the DASH diet, making it a balanced and heart-healthy option.
C.   Pork sausage is typically high in saturated fat and sodium, which is not aligned with the DASH diet's recommendations to limit these components. Baked beans can be a good source of fiber but may also contain added sugars and sodium depending on how they are prepared. Overall, this meal does not fit well within the DASH diet framework.
D.   While enriched cereal can provide essential vitamins and minerals, it may also be high in added sugars, which is discouraged on the DASH diet. Whole milk is higher in saturated fat compared to low-fat or non- fat dairy options recommended by the DASH diet. Therefore, this meal does not fully meet DASH guidelines.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Anemia itself is not typically a direct cause of secondary hypertension. While severe anemia can sometimes lead to changes in blood pressure, it is not recognized as a common or identifiable cause of secondary hypertension. Therefore, this option is not the best answer.
B. Glaucoma primarily affects eye health and is characterized by increased intraocular pressure. While there is some association between systemic hypertension and glaucoma, glaucoma is not considered a direct cause of secondary hypertension. It’s more of a complication that can occur in patients with high blood pressure rather than a cause of it.
C. Kidney disease is one of the most common and significant causes of secondary hypertension. Conditions such as chronic kidney disease or renal artery stenosis can lead to increased blood pressure due to fluid retention and changes in hormonal regulation (like the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system). Therefore, this option is a highly identifiable cause of secondary hypertension.
D. Cataracts involve the clouding of the lens of the eye and are typically related to aging and other factors such as diabetes. While cataracts can be associated with systemic diseases like diabetes and hypertension, they are not considered a direct cause of secondary hypertension.

A. Bradycardia B. Hypertension C. Fatigue D. Diarrhea

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Bradycardia, or a slower-than-normal heart rate, is not typically associated with anemia due to blood loss. Instead, anemia often leads to tachycardia (increased heart rate) as the body compensates for the reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood.
B. Hypertension, or elevated blood pressure, is not a common finding in cases of anemia from blood loss. In fact, blood loss often results in hypotension (low blood pressure) due to decreased blood volume and circulating fluid.
C. Fatigue is a common symptom of anemia. As the body's ability to transport oxygen decreases due to the lack of sufficient red blood cells, the client may experience weakness, tiredness, and general fatigue, especially after surgery.
D. Diarrhea is not a typical finding associated with anemia from blood loss. While certain conditions causing anemia (such as gastrointestinal bleeding) could lead to changes in bowel habits, diarrhea itself is not a direct consequence of anemia. Instead, clients may experience symptoms more related to fluid volume status and energy levels.

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A nurse is educating a client who has a chronic illness about a DASH diet. Which of the following meals best fits the DASH diet?

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