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Which physical assessment(s) would be pertinent to the patient with asthma? (Select All that Apply.)

Patient color

Lung sounds

Heart tones

Bowel sounds

Peripheral pulses

Respiratory rate and effort

Pulse oximetry reading

Peak expiratory flow

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,C,F,G,H

A.   The patient's color can indicate their oxygenation status. Cyanosis (bluish tint) may suggest hypoxia, which is critical to assess in an asthma patient.
B.   Auscultation of lung sounds is essential in asthma assessment. The presence of wheezing, prolonged expiration, or decreased breath sounds can indicate airway obstruction and the severity of the asthma exacerbation.
C.   Assessing heart tones can provide information about the cardiovascular response to respiratory distress. Increased heart rate may occur due to hypoxia or anxiety associated with asthma attacks.
D.   Bowel sounds are not relevant in the assessment of asthma. While gastrointestinal symptoms may co- occur in some patients, they are not directly related to asthma's respiratory condition.
E.   While peripheral pulses are important in general assessments, they do not provide specific information relevant to asthma management or respiratory status.
F.   Monitoring respiratory rate and effort is crucial in assessing asthma. Increased respiratory rate and use of accessory muscles may indicate respiratory distress or an asthma exacerbation.
G.   A pulse oximetry reading provides an objective measure of oxygen saturation. Low oxygen saturation levels indicate inadequate oxygenation, which is critical to monitor in asthma patients.
H.   Measuring peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) helps assess the severity of airway obstruction and monitor asthma control. It can guide treatment decisions and determine if an asthma attack is occurring.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Aspirin is not recommended for children due to the risk of Reye's syndrome, a serious condition that can occur when aspirin is given to children recovering from viral infections. Instead, acetaminophen or ibuprofen is preferred for fever management in children. Therefore, this option is not appropriate.
B. Nasopharyngitis is typically caused by viral infections, and antibiotics are ineffective against viruses. Antibiotics may be prescribed if a bacterial infection is diagnosed, but this is not the standard treatment for nasopharyngitis.
C. While vaccinations are crucial for preventing certain illnesses, there is no specific vaccine for nasopharyngitis, which is caused by various viruses. However, vaccinations for other respiratory illnesses (like influenza) can help reduce the risk of complications. This statement may cause confusion since it implies a direct preventive measure for nasopharyngitis itself.
D. Teaching children about proper hand hygiene is essential, as handwashing can significantly reduce the transmission of viruses that cause nasopharyngitis and other infections.

A. The client's family will also need to take medications to prevent infection. B. A typical course of treatment involves 6 to 9 months of consistent medication use. C. Medications will need to be taken until the Mantoux test is negative., D. Medications will need to be taken for the rest of the client's life, even if the client feels better.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. This statement is not necessarily true for every situation. While close contacts of a person with active TB may need to be tested and could receive preventive treatment (especially if they are at high risk), not all family members will automatically need to take medications.
B. A standard treatment regimen for active pulmonary TB typically lasts at least 6 months, and sometimes longer, depending on the specific circumstances (e.g., drug resistance, extent of disease). Consistent adherence to the medication regimen is crucial to ensure effective treatment and prevent the development of drug-resistant TB.
C. The Mantoux test (or tuberculin skin test) may remain positive even after successful treatment for TB, as it indicates past exposure rather than active disease. The decision to discontinue medications is based on clinical and microbiological evaluations, not solely on the Mantoux test result.
D. While it is crucial for the client to complete the full course of prescribed medications, they do not need to take them for life. Treatment typically lasts for 6 to 9 months, and clients should not continue medication indefinitely. It is essential to emphasize adherence to the treatment regimen but also to note that it is finite.

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Which physical assessment(s) would be pertinent to the patient with asthma? (Select All that Apply.)

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