Which principle(s) would be important to teach a patient about the use of a steroid inhaler? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

A. Withhold food and liquids until the client's gag reflex returns.

This is the correct action. After a bronchoscopy, the client's throat may be numb or irritated from the procedure, which can temporarily impair the gag reflex. Withholding food and liquids until the gag reflex returns reduces the risk of aspiration, where food or liquid enters the airway instead of the stomach. Aspiration can lead to pneumonia and other serious complications. Therefore, it's essential to assess the client's gag reflex before allowing them to eat or drink.

B. Irrigate the client's throat every 4 hours.

This action is not necessary and may even be harmful. Irrigating the client's throat every 4 hours could further irritate the throat and increase discomfort for the client. Unless specifically ordered by the healthcare provider for a specific reason, such as to remove secretions or debris, routine irrigation of the throat is not recommended after a bronchoscopy.

C. Have the client refrain from talking for 24 hours.

There is typically no need for the client to refrain from talking for 24 hours after a bronchoscopy. While the client may experience some throat discomfort and hoarseness, restricting talking for such an extended period is unnecessary and may cause undue stress or anxiety for the client. Unless specifically instructed by the healthcare provider for a valid reason, such as to allow vocal cord healing, there is no need to restrict talking for such a long duration.

D. Suction the client's oropharynx frequently.

Frequent suctioning of the client's oropharynx is not indicated unless there is a specific medical reason to do so. Excessive suctioning can cause trauma to the mucous membranes, increase the risk of infection, and exacerbate throat irritation. The decision to suction should be based on clinical assessment, such as evidence of secretions or if the client is having difficulty clearing their airway, rather than being performed routinely.

A. Assess the patient; check to see if the oxygen is flowing correctly:

This option involves assessing the patient's condition promptly, particularly focusing on the adequacy of oxygenation. Checking the oxygen delivery system ensures that the patient is receiving the prescribed oxygen therapy at the appropriate flow rate. In a patient with shortness of breath (SOB) and increasing confusion and combativeness, hypoxemia (low oxygen levels) could be a contributing factor. Therefore, assessing the oxygen delivery system is crucial to ensure proper oxygenation and address potential causes of the patient's symptoms.

B. Page the MD STAT:

Paging the MD STAT may be necessary after assessing the patient's condition, especially if the patient's symptoms indicate a medical emergency or require immediate intervention. However, in this scenario, the priority is to assess the patient's condition and address any immediate concerns related to oxygenation and respiratory status. While paging the healthcare provider may be necessary, it should not delay the initial assessment and interventions needed to stabilize the patient.

C. Put up the patient's side rails and apply soft restraints:

Applying side rails and soft restraints should not be the first action in response to the patient's symptoms. While patient safety is important, these measures should only be implemented after other interventions have been attempted, and there is a risk of harm to the patient or others due to agitation or combativeness. In this case, the patient's confusion and combativeness may be secondary to hypoxemia, so addressing oxygenation and assessing the patient's condition are the immediate priorities.

D. Administer an IM sedative:

Administering a sedative should not be the first action in this scenario. Sedation may be considered if the patient's agitation or combativeness poses a risk to their safety or interferes with assessment and treatment. However, the underlying cause of the patient's symptoms, such as hypoxemia, should be addressed first. Administering a sedative without addressing the potential cause of the patient's symptoms could mask important clinical indicators and delay appropriate treatment.