Which patient would a nurse refer to partial hospitalization?

One who spent yesterday in the 24-hour supervised crisis care center and continues to be actively suicidal

One who is experiencing agoraphobia and panic episodes and who would benefit from psychoeducation for relaxation therapy

One who has a therapeutic lithium level and reports regularly for blood tests and clinic follow-up

One who states, “I’m not sure I can avoid using alcohol when my spouse goes to work every morning.”

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason: Active suicidality, linked to severe serotonin deficits, requires inpatient hospitalization for constant monitoring to ensure safety. Partial hospitalization is insufficient for acute risk, as it lacks 24-hour supervision, making this patient inappropriate for this less intensive care setting.

Choice B reason: Agoraphobia and panic episodes, driven by norepinephrine surges, benefit from partial hospitalization’s structured psychoeducation and therapy. Relaxation techniques reduce amygdala hyperactivity, supporting outpatient management with daily support, making this patient suitable for partial hospitalization’s intensive, non-residential treatment.

Choice C reason: Stable lithium levels indicate controlled bipolar disorder, not requiring partial hospitalization. Regular follow-up manages neurotransmitter balance, suitable for outpatient care. Partial hospitalization is for active symptoms, not stable patients, making this an incorrect referral choice.

Choice D reason: Alcohol use concerns suggest outpatient substance abuse programs, not partial hospitalization. While dopamine reward pathways are involved, partial hospitalization targets acute psychiatric symptoms, not substance issues alone, making this patient unsuitable for this level of care.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Blocking norepinephrine at alpha-1 receptors inhibits vasoconstriction, reducing vascular tone. This disrupts baroreceptor-mediated blood pressure regulation, causing orthostatic hypotension when standing. The autonomic nervous system fails to compensate for positional changes, leading to dizziness and fainting, a common side effect of alpha-1 blockers like prazosin.

Choice B reason: Increased psychotic symptoms are linked to dopamine dysregulation, not alpha-1 receptor blockade. Norepinephrine blockade affects autonomic functions, not psychosis, which involves mesolimbic dopamine hyperactivity. This side effect is unrelated to alpha-1 receptors, making this option scientifically inaccurate for the described mechanism.

Choice C reason: Appetite disturbance is typically associated with serotonin or histamine receptor effects, not alpha-1 norepinephrine blockade. Norepinephrine at alpha-1 receptors regulates vascular tone, not appetite control, which involves hypothalamic signaling. This side effect is not a direct consequence of alpha-1 blockade, rendering this option incorrect.

Choice D reason: Hypertensive crisis results from excessive norepinephrine activity, often due to monoamine oxidase inhibitors, not alpha-1 receptor blockade. Blocking alpha-1 receptors causes vasodilation, lowering blood pressure, not raising it. This makes hypertensive crisis an unlikely side effect, contrary to the pharmacological mechanism of alpha-1 blockers.

A. Epidemiology predicts when a specific psychiatric client will recover from a specific mental disorder B. Epidemiology provides a thorough theoretical explanation of why specific mental disorders occur C. Epidemiology helps explain research findings about the neurophysiology that causes mental disorders D. Epidemiology is the study of patterns of disease distribution and determinants of health within populations

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Predicting individual recovery is not epidemiology’s role. Recovery from disorders like depression depends on neurobiological factors (e.g., serotonin reuptake) and treatment adherence, not population-level trends. Epidemiology focuses on group patterns, not individual outcomes, making this option scientifically inaccurate for understanding mental disorder impact.

Choice B reason: Epidemiology does not provide theoretical explanations for disorder causes. Etiologies of mental illnesses, such as genetic mutations or dopamine imbalances in schizophrenia, are studied through neurobiology and genetics. Epidemiology quantifies disease prevalence and risk factors, not underlying mechanisms, making this option misaligned with its scientific purpose.

Choice C reason: Explaining neurophysiological causes is outside epidemiology’s scope. Neurophysiology, like altered GABA activity in anxiety, is studied via neuroimaging or biochemical assays. Epidemiology identifies disease patterns and risk factors across populations, not causal mechanisms, rendering this option incorrect for describing its role in mental health.

Choice D reason: Epidemiology studies disease distribution and determinants, such as prevalence of depression or risk factors like socioeconomic stress, which influence neurotransmitter imbalances (e.g., serotonin). By analyzing population data, it informs public health strategies, identifies at-risk groups, and guides interventions, making it critical for understanding mental disorder impact scientifically.

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Which patient would a nurse refer to partial hospitalization?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which of the following side effects is associated with the blockade of attachment of norepinephrine to alpha-1 receptors?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

What best explains the importance of epidemiology in understanding the impact of mental disorders?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Which medication would be considered a first-line medication therapy for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)?

A nurse uses Maslow’s hierarchy of needs to plan care for a psychotic patient. Which problem will receive priority?

Which statement shows a nurse has empathy for a patient who made a suicide attempt?

A nurse works with a patient to establish goals/outcomes. The nurse believes that one outcome suggested by the patient is not in the patient’s best interest. What is the nurse’s best action?

After assessing the patient and formulating the nursing diagnoses for a plan of care, what is the next action a nurse should take?

“I’m concerned whether we are behaving ethically by restraining one patient to prevent them from self-mutilating while placing another patient on one-on-one supervision to prevent them from self-mutilating.” Which ethical principle most clearly applies to this situation?

A nurse caring for a withdrawn, suspicious patient recognizes the development of feelings of anger toward the patient. What is the nurse’s best response to these feelings?

A client is experiencing a panic attack. What medication will provide the quickest relief from acute severe anxiety symptoms?