Which pathology of autonomic cardiac regulation is mediated by sympathetic innervation?

Increased Ca+ influx with sympathetic stimulation that raises the heart rate.

Sympathetic activation boosts K+ efflux and increases the inotropic effect.

Sympathetic activation decreases dromotrophy by lowering conduction speed.

Increased Na+ influx with sympathetic stimulation reduces pacemaker firing.’

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A: Increased Ca+ influx with sympathetic stimulation that raises the heart rate is a manifestation of sympathetic innervation. Sympathetic activation leads to the release of norepinephrine, which enhances the influx of calcium ions (Ca+) into cardiac muscle cells, resulting in increased contractility and heart rate.

Choice B: Sympathetic activation does increase the inotropic effect (contractility) of the heart, but it is primarily mediated by the increased influx of calcium ions (Ca+).

Choice C: Sympathetic activation does not decrease dromotrophy (conduction speed). Instead, it can increase the conduction speed through the cardiac conduction system.

Choice D: Increased Na+ influx with sympathetic stimulation does not reduce pacemaker firing; instead, it contributes to the enhanced excitability and automaticity of cardiac cells.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A: Performing a physical assessment of the newborn is important but should not be the first action when the infant is handed to the nurse during a cesarean delivery.

Choice B: Determining an APGAR score is important for assessing the newborn's overall condition, but allowing the mother to touch the infant should be the first action.

Choice C: Drying the infant under a warming unit is an important step to maintain the infant's body temperature, but allowing the mother to touch the infant should be prioritized first.

Choice D: Allowing the mother to touch the infant immediately after delivery is a crucial bonding and comforting moment for both the mother and the newborn. It should be the first action taken before other assessments or interventions.

A. Check mental acuity. B. Measure urinary output. C. Inspect for sacral edema. D. Auscultate all lung fields.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A: Checking mental acuity is important for assessing the client's cognitive function, but it may not be the most crucial intervention in the context of left- sided heart failure.

Choice B: Measuring urinary output is a valuable assessment in clients with heart failure, but it is not the most important intervention among the choices provided.

Choice C: Inspecting for sacral edema is a relevant assessment for clients with heart failure, especially when assessing for fluid retention. However, it may not be the highest priority in this case.

Choice D: Auscultating all lung fields is the most important intervention for a client with left-sided heart failure. Left-sided heart failure often results in pulmonary congestion, and auscultating the lung fields can provide critical information about the presence of crackles, wheezes, or other abnormal breath sounds, indicating worsening heart failure.

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Which pathology of autonomic cardiac regulation is mediated by sympathetic innervation?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The healthcare provider hands a newborn to the circulating nurse during a cesarean delivery. What action should the nurse implement first?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

The practical nurse (PN) is assessing an older client with left-sided heart failure (HF). What intervention is most important for the PN to implement?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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