Which pathology of autonomic cardiac regulation is mediated by sympathetic innervation?
Increased Ca+ influx with sympathetic stimulation that raises the heart rate.
Sympathetic activation boosts K+ efflux and increases the inotropic effect.
Sympathetic activation decreases dromotrophy by lowering conduction speed.
Increased Na+ influx with sympathetic stimulation reduces pacemaker firing.’
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A: Increased Ca+ influx with sympathetic stimulation that raises the heart rate is a manifestation of sympathetic innervation. Sympathetic activation leads to the release of norepinephrine, which enhances the influx of calcium ions (Ca+) into cardiac muscle cells, resulting in increased contractility and heart rate.
Choice B: Sympathetic activation does increase the inotropic effect (contractility) of the heart, but it is primarily mediated by the increased influx of calcium ions (Ca+).
Choice C: Sympathetic activation does not decrease dromotrophy (conduction speed). Instead, it can increase the conduction speed through the cardiac conduction system.
Choice D: Increased Na+ influx with sympathetic stimulation does not reduce pacemaker firing; instead, it contributes to the enhanced excitability and automaticity of cardiac cells.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","C"]
Explanation
Choice A: Cooked cereal can be used as part of a gastrostomy tube feeding regimen for clients who require enteral nutrition.
Choice B: Lettuce is not typically used in gastrostomy tube feedings as it may not be well-tolerated in liquid form.
Choice C: Clear fat-free broth can be used as part of a gastrostomy tube feeding regimen for clients who require enteral nutrition.
Choice D: Brussels sprouts and nuts are not typically used in gastrostomy tube feedings as they may not be well-tolerated in liquid form.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Serum protein is an indicator of the client’s overall nutritional status, but it is not as immediately critical to monitor as glucose levels in clients receiving TPN. Protein levels change more slowly over time and are not an acute concern.
B. While serum osmolarity is important in evaluating hydration status and electrolyte balance, it is not the primary lab to monitor during TPN administration. Glucose fluctuations are more likely to cause immediate complications.
C. Urinary ketones are typically monitored in clients with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), not in clients receiving TPN. Ketones are a byproduct of fat metabolism and are not a priority in TPN management.
D. Capillary glucose is the most important lab to monitor in clients on TPN because TPN solutions contain high amounts of glucose, which can lead to hyperglycemia. Monitoring glucose levels helps prevent complications such as hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia and is critical in managing the client's metabolic response to TPN.
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