Which of the following structures is responsible for respiratory control?
Medulla
Hypothalamus
Midbrain
Cerebellum
The Correct Answer is A
A. The medulla oblongata, located in the brainstem, is directly responsible for controlling the rate and depth of breathing. It detects changes in blood levels of CO2 and adjusts respiratory activity accordingly.
B. The hypothalamus regulates various autonomic functions, including body temperature, hunger, and thirst, but it is not directly involved in the control of respiration.
C. The midbrain is involved in functions such as vision, hearing, and motor control, but it does not directly control respiration.
D. The cerebellum is responsible for coordinating movement and balance, but it does not regulate respiratory control.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. K+ levels typically decrease in respiratory alkalosis due to cellular shifts in potassium as the body compensates for the pH change.
B. HCO3 (bicarbonate) levels initially decrease as a compensatory mechanism to counteract the increased pH, but it is not a direct characteristic of respiratory alkalosis.
C. pH increases in respiratory alkalosis as a result of hyperventilation, which causes excessive exhalation of CO2, leading to a higher blood pH (alkalosis).
D. Ca2+ (calcium) levels can be affected by pH changes, but a decrease in ionized calcium is more commonly seen in alkalosis, not an increase.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Magnesium plays a role in many enzymatic reactions and muscle function, but it is not essential for thyroid hormone production.
B. Iodine is an essential element for normal thyroid function. The thyroid gland uses iodine to produce thyroid hormones (T3 and T4), which are critical for regulating metabolism. This is the correct element necessary for thyroid function.
C. Sodium is important for maintaining fluid balance and nerve function, but it is not directly involved in thyroid hormone production.
D. Calcium is important for bone health and cellular processes, but it does not directly influence thyroid hormone synthesis.
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