Which of the following statements best describes the pathophysiologic rationale for shock?
Circulating blood volume is decreased.
Cells lack an adequate blood supply and are deprived of oxygen and nutrients.
Hemorrhage occurs as a result of trauma.
Blood is shunted from vital organs to peripheral areas of the body.
The Correct Answer is B
A. Circulating blood volume is decreased – This is true specifically in hypovolemic shock, but it does not apply to all types of shock (e.g., septic or cardiogenic shock).
B. Cells lack an adequate blood supply and are deprived of oxygen and nutrients – This is the most accurate and comprehensive description of the pathophysiology of shock. Shock is defined as a state of cellular and tissue hypoperfusion, regardless of the underlying cause.
C. Hemorrhage occurs as a result of trauma – While hemorrhage can cause hypovolemic shock, it is not the universal cause of all types of shock.
D. Blood is shunted from vital organs to peripheral areas of the body – The opposite is true in shock: blood is typically shunted away from peripheral tissues to preserve perfusion to vital organs like the brain and heart.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"B","dropdown-group-2":"A"}
Explanation
The nurse should monitor the client for pneumothorax and lead dislodgement following permanent pacemaker placement.
Rationale
Pneumothorax: The procedure involves central venous access, often via the subclavian vein, which increases the risk of puncturing the pleura and causing a pneumothorax. Signs include:
Lead dislodgement: Movement or tension on the pacing lead can result in loss of pacemaker capture or failure to pace effectively. This is a priority during the first 24 hours. Indicators include:
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Mitral valve prolapse often requires no treatment or is managed with medications; balloon valvuloplasty is not typically used.
B. Aortic regurgitation usually requires surgical valve replacement rather than valvuloplasty.
C. Mitral regurgitation involves backward blood flow and is generally treated with valve repair or replacement, not balloon valvuloplasty.
D. Mitral stenosis is most commonly treated with balloon valvuloplasty, especially in clients with rheumatic heart disease. This procedure helps open a narrowed mitral valve by inflating a balloon within the valve to improve blood flow.
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