Nurses in intensive care units commonly care for clients in varying stages of various types of shock. Which of the following is the most common cause of death in intensive care units in the United States?

Anaphylactic shock

Neurogenic shock

Septic shock

Cardiogenic shock

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Anaphylactic shock is a life-threatening allergic reaction, but it is less common and less frequently the cause of ICU deaths compared to septic shock.
B. Neurogenic shock results from spinal cord injuries or central nervous system damage and is relatively rare.
C. Septic shock is the most common cause of death in intensive care units in the United States. It results from overwhelming infection and leads to systemic inflammation, vasodilation, and multi-organ dysfunction.
D. Cardiogenic shock occurs due to the heart’s inability to pump effectively, often after a major myocardial infarction, but it is not the leading cause of death in ICUs.

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Correct Answer is ["A","C","D"]

Explanation

A. Increased blood pressure occurs due to excess fluid volume increasing vascular pressure.
B. Hematocrit typically decreases in fluid overload due to dilution, not increases.
C. Increased respiratory rate is common due to pulmonary congestion or edema.
D. Increased heart rate occurs as the heart works harder to manage the excess fluid volume.
E. Increased temperature is not a typical finding in fluid overload.

Correct Answer is []

Explanation

Potential Condition: Atrial Fibrillation
The client presents with an irregular, tachycardic rhythm with unclear P waves, which are classic signs of atrial fibrillation (AF). Symptoms such as palpitations, dizziness, and shortness of breath are common with AF, particularly with a rapid ventricular response.

Actions to Take
• Administer an anticoagulant: AF increases the risk of thrombus formation in the atria, which can lead to embolic stroke. Anticoagulation reduces this risk, especially in symptomatic or persistent cases.
• Obtain a 12-lead ECG: This helps confirm the diagnosis, assess the rhythm in detail, and rule out other arrhythmias or ischemic changes that may be present.

Parameters to Monitor
• Manifestations of stroke: Clients with AF are at increased risk for embolic stroke. Neurological status should be closely monitored for signs of confusion, facial droop, weakness, or speech changes.
• PTT/INR: These lab values help assess coagulation status, particularly when anticoagulants such as warfarin or heparin are initiated, to ensure therapeutic levels and avoid bleeding complications.

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Nurses in intensive care units commonly care for clients in varying stages of various types of shock. Which of the following is the most common cause of death in intensive care units in the United States?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is assessing a client who has fluid overload. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer is ["A","C","D"]

Explanation

Correct Answer is []

Explanation

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When being discharged home, to assess fluid balance, a client with heart failure should be instructed to: