Which of the following patients should the nurse consider as having a higher risk for malnutrition?

A 25-year-old planning to lose 20 pounds after childbirth.

A 65-year-old who recently underwent hernia surgery (postoperative day 2).

A 70-year-old who has been fasting since midnight in preparation for a colonoscopy.

A 55-year-old who has been consuming alcohol for 35 years.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A rationale

While a 25-year-old planning to lose 20 pounds after childbirth may have increased nutritional needs, they would not typically be considered at higher risk for malnutrition unless there were other factors such as inadequate diet or certain health conditions.
Choice B rationale
A 65-year-old who recently underwent hernia surgery might have temporary changes in diet or appetite related to the surgery, but would not typically be at high risk for malnutrition unless there were other ongoing issues such as poor diet, difficulty eating, or a chronic health condition.
Choice C rationale
A 70-year-old who has been fasting since midnight in preparation for a colonoscopy would not typically be at risk for malnutrition from this short-term fast. However, if they had ongoing issues with diet, appetite, or a chronic health condition, they could potentially be at risk.
Choice D rationale
A 55-year-old who has been consuming alcohol for 35 years is at higher risk for malnutrition. Alcohol can interfere with the body’s ability to absorb and use nutrients, and individuals with long-term heavy alcohol use may also have other lifestyle factors that increase their risk for malnutrition.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale
While liver issues can be a concern with certain medications or diseases, they are not typically associated with GERD. GERD is a digestive disorder that affects the lower esophageal sphincter, the ring of muscle between the esophagus and stomach. Therefore, monitoring for liver issues would not be directly relevant to a patient with GERD.
Choice B rationale
Pancreatic cancer is a serious condition, but it is not directly related to GERD. GERD is primarily an issue of the esophagus and stomach, not the pancreas. While it’s always important to be vigilant about potential health issues, there is no specific reason for a patient with GERD to watch for manifestations of pancreatic cancer.
Choice C rationale
While diabetes is a significant health concern, it is not directly linked to GERD. GERD does not increase the risk for diabetes. An endocrinologist specializes in hormonal disorders, including

diabetes, but would not typically be involved in the management of GERD unless there were other co-existing endocrine issues.
Choice D rationale
This is the correct answer. Barrett’s esophagus is a condition that can develop in people who have long-term GERD. It changes the color and composition of the esophagus lining, which can increase the risk of esophageal cancer. Therefore, it is important for patients with long-term GERD symptoms to follow up with a GI specialist for recommended surveillance for Barrett’s esophagus.

A. Dysarthria. B. Dysesthesia. C. Dyspepsia. D. Dyspnea.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale
Dysarthria, or difficulty articulating speech, is not a symptom of GERD. GERD primarily affects the digestive system, causing symptoms such as heartburn and regurgitation.
Choice B rationale
Dysesthesia, or abnormal sensation, is not a symptom of GERD. GERD does not typically cause sensory disturbances.
Choice C rationale
This is the correct answer. Dyspepsia, or indigestion, is a common symptom of GERD. It can manifest as discomfort or pain in the stomach or chest, a feeling of fullness, or problems with belching or gas.
Choice D rationale
Dyspnea, or shortness of breath, is not a typical symptom of GERD. While severe GERD can sometimes cause respiratory symptoms due to aspiration of stomach contents or irritation of the airways, it is not a common or primary symptom.

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Which of the following patients should the nurse consider as having a higher risk for malnutrition?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is educating a patient who has long-term symptoms of GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease). Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the educational materials?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a patient in the primary care office who states, “I think I have been experiencing symptoms of reflux.”. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse anticipate for a patient who has GERD?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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A nurse is preparing discharge instructions for a client who has cirrhosis of the liver. Which of the following statements should be included in the education materials?

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