Which of the following methods would be best if the nurse wanted to study the complex relationships among factors that contribute to chronic disease?

Health literacy is defined as the degree to which an individual can obtain, process, and

understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions. Basic functional health literacy refers to an individual's ability to read and understand simple health information and instructions.

While all the clients mentioned may be demonstrating health literacy, the ability to read and understand discharge instructions after routine surgery is a basic functional health literacy skill. This client is able to comprehend written health information and follow simple instructions, which is an important aspect of managing their own health care.

The other clients mentioned may be displaying a higher level of health literacy, such as the client who is teaching a class about cancer survival or the client with Type II Diabetes who is using nutritional information to make a grocery list. These individuals may have a greater ability to understand and apply complex health information and navigate the healthcare system.

This tool helps in assessing the severity of withdrawal symptoms in infants who were exposed to opioids during pregnancy. Based on the Finnegan score, the nurse can implement appropriate interventions to manage the symptoms and prevent complications. While offering the infant a pacifier with a drop of mom's breast milk or tightly swaddling the infant may be helpful for soothing the infant, these interventions may not directly address the underlying hyperreflexia associated with opioid withdrawal. Placing the infant under a radiant warmer is not indicated for managing hyperreflexia.