Which of the following is the movement of a pure solvent (liquid) across a membrane?

Diffusion

Hydrostatic pressure

Osmosis

ATP

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason: This is incorrect because diffusion is the movement of solutes (dissolved substances) from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, until equilibrium is reached.

Choice B reason: This is incorrect because hydrostatic pressure is the force exerted by a fluid against a wall or a membrane. Hydrostatic pressure can drive the movement of fluid and solutes across a membrane, but it is not the movement itself.

Choice C reason: This is correct because osmosis is the movement of a pure solvent (liquid) across a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration, until equilibrium is reached.

Choice D reason: This is incorrect because ATP is not a movement, but a molecule. ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate, which is the main source of energy for cellular processes. ATP can provide energy for some types of transport across membranes, such as active transport.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: This is correct because respiratory acidosis is a condition where the blood pH is lower than the normal range of 7.35 to 7.45, due to impaired gas exchange or hypoventilation, which causes carbon dioxide to accumulate in the blood. COPD is a chronic lung disease that obstructs the airways and reduces the oxygen intake and carbon dioxide output. This leads to respiratory acidosis in the patient.

Choice B reason: This is incorrect because respiratory alkalosis is a condition where the blood pH is higher than the normal range of 7.35 to 7.45, due to hyperventilation, which lowers the carbon dioxide in the blood. COPD does not cause hyperventilation, but rather hypoventilation.

Choice C reason: This is incorrect because metabolic alkalosis is a condition where the blood pH is higher than the normal range of 7.35 to 7.45, due to a loss of acids or an excess of bases in the body. COPD does not affect the metabolic system directly, but rather the respiratory system.

Choice D reason: This is incorrect because metabolic acidosis is a condition where the blood pH is lower than the normal range of 7.35 to 7.45, due to an excess of acids or a loss of bases in the body. COPD does not affect the metabolic system directly, but rather the respiratory system.

A. Low HCO3- and high PaCO2 B. Low PaCO2 and low HCO3- C. Low PaCO2 and high HCO3- D. High PaCO2 and high HCO3-

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: This is incorrect because low HCO3- and high PaCO2 are signs of metabolic acidosis, not alkalosis. Metabolic acidosis is a condition where the blood pH is lower than the normal range of 7.35 to 7.45, due to an excess of acids or a loss of bases in the body.

Choice B reason: This is incorrect because low PaCO2 and low HCO3- are signs of respiratory acidosis, not alkalosis. Respiratory acidosis is a condition where the blood pH is lower than the normal range of 7.35 to 7.45, due to impaired gas exchange or hypoventilation, which causes carbon dioxide to accumulate in the blood.

Choice C reason: This is correct because low PaCO2 and high HCO3- are signs of alkalosis. Alkalosis is a condition where the blood pH is higher than the normal range of 7.35 to 7.45, due to a loss of acids or an excess of bases in the body. There are two types of alkalosis: respiratory and metabolic. Respiratory alkalosis is caused by hyperventilation, which lowers the PaCO2 in the blood. Metabolic alkalosis is caused by vomiting, diuretics, or excessive intake of antacids, which raises the HCO3- in the blood.

Choice D reason: This is incorrect because high PaCO2 and high HCO3- are signs of compensation, not alkalosis. Compensation is a process where the body tries to restore the normal pH by adjusting the levels of PaCO2 and HCO3- in the opposite direction of the primary disorder. For example, if the patient has metabolic alkalosis, the respiratory system will try to compensate by retaining carbon dioxide and lowering the PaCO2. If the patient has respiratory alkalosis, the renal system will try to compensate by excreting bicarbonate and lowering the HCO3-.

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Which of the following is the movement of a pure solvent (liquid) across a membrane?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A patient has end-stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Which acid-base imbalance would be predictable in a patient with COPD?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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