Which of the following is not true of type 1 diabetes?
Can be treated with oral glycemic agents.
Definite genetic link.
Pancreas is completely unable to produce insulin.
Acute onset.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: Type 1 diabetes cannot be treated with oral glycemic agents. These medications are typically used to manage type 2 diabetes, which is characterized by insulin resistance rather than a lack of insulin production. In type 1 diabetes, the pancreas is unable to produce insulin due to an autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells. Therefore, individuals with type 1 diabetes require insulin therapy to manage their blood glucose levels effectively.
Choice B reason: Type 1 diabetes has a definite genetic component, though it is not solely determined by genetics. A combination of genetic predisposition and environmental factors, such as viral infections or other autoimmune triggers, can lead to the development of type 1 diabetes. Certain genes, including those in the HLA region, are known to increase susceptibility to the disease.
Choice C reason: In type 1 diabetes, the pancreas is indeed completely unable to produce insulin. This is due to an autoimmune attack on the beta cells of the pancreas, which are responsible for insulin production. Without insulin, the body cannot regulate blood glucose levels, leading to hyperglycemia and the need for exogenous insulin administration.
Choice D reason: Type 1 diabetes often has an acute onset, particularly in children and young adults. Symptoms can develop rapidly over a few days to weeks, including increased thirst, frequent urination, unintended weight loss, and severe fatigue. This acute presentation is a hallmark of the disease and contrasts with the more gradual onset seen in type 2 diabetes.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Decreased fluid intake would typically result in lower urine output and higher urine concentration, but it does not directly explain a urine sodium concentration of 10 mmol/L.
Choice B reason: Increased fluid intake would generally lead to higher urine output and lower urine sodium concentration, as the kidneys excrete excess sodium. Therefore, this is not consistent with a urine sodium concentration of 10 mmol/L.
Choice C reason: Insensible loss refers to fluid loss that is not easily measured, such as through sweating or breathing. It does not directly explain the urine sodium concentration.
Choice D reason: Sodium retention is consistent with a low urine sodium concentration of 10 mmol/L in patients with large-volume ascites. In conditions like cirrhosis, the body retains sodium, leading to fluid accumulation in the abdomen (ascites) and lower sodium excretion in the urine.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Type 1 diabetes is characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin due to autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells. It is not primarily marked by insulin resistance, which is more characteristic of type 2 diabetes. The genetic and environmental factors in type 1 diabetes lead to a lack of insulin production, rather than resistance.
Choice B reason: In type 1 diabetes, there is an absolute deficit in insulin production. This is because the body's immune system attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, individuals with type 1 diabetes require exogenous insulin to manage their blood glucose levels.
Choice C reason: While type 1 diabetes has genetic and environmental influences, the condition results in an inability to produce insulin rather than partial insulin production. The autoimmune response in type 1 diabetes leads to the destruction of almost all beta cells, resulting in an absolute deficit of insulin.
Choice D reason: Type 1 diabetes does not typically exhibit both insulin resistance and no insulin production. While some individuals with type 1 diabetes may develop insulin resistance over time (a condition known as "double diabetes"), the hallmark feature of type 1 diabetes is the absolute deficiency of insulin due to the autoimmune destruction of beta cells.
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