Which of the following is an effective approach in the appraisal of research studies?
Evaluate the quality of the research against the standards for that type of research.
Select only studies with a sample size of at least 100 people.
Discard systematic reviews and meta-analyses since they are the weakest form of evidence.
Accept only studies that use a randomized controlled trial design.
The Correct Answer is A
A. Evaluate the quality of the research against the standards for that type of research: Assessing research quality based on established standards ensures that the study's design, methodology, and findings are reliable and valid for its particular research type.
B. Select only studies with a sample size of at least 100 people: While sample size is important, it is not the sole determinant of a study's quality. Other factors like study design, methodology, and relevance also play crucial roles.
C. Discard systematic reviews and meta-analyses since they are the weakest form of evidence: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses are actually considered high levels of evidence as they synthesize data from multiple studies, providing comprehensive insights.
D. Accept only studies that use a randomized controlled trial design: While RCTs are a gold standard for certain types of research, other study designs are also valuable and appropriate depending on the research question and context.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Evaluate how well employees were able to perform duties outside of their job description: Performance appraisals should focus on the duties and responsibilities outlined in the employee’s job description.
B. Conduct the performance appraisal in a public setting to ease tension: Conducting appraisals in a public setting can lead to discomfort and should instead be done privately to respect confidentiality and ensure a constructive conversation.
C. Provide the staff member the opportunity to disagree with the evaluation: Allowing the staff member to provide their perspective or disagreement is an important part of a fair and balanced performance appraisal process.
D. Initiate a random time to conduct the performance appraisal to ensure authentic responses by the staff member: Performance appraisals should be scheduled and communicated in advance to allow for preparation and a constructive dialogue, not conducted randomly.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Depersonalization: Depersonalization involves feeling detached from one’s work and treating patients as objects rather than individuals, which matches Rama's behavior of ignoring patient requests and being rude.
B. Role ambiguity: Role ambiguity occurs when there is a lack of clarity about job responsibilities and expectations, which does not align with the described behaviors.
C. Depression: Depression involves persistent sadness and loss of interest in activities, which may not directly explain the specific behaviors of ignoring and being rude to patients.
D. Hardiness: Hardiness is a personality trait that involves resilience and the ability to endure stressful situations, which contrasts with Rama's negative behaviors.
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