Which of the following is administered to increase the number of circulating red blood cells?
Oprelvekin (Neumega)
Epoetin alfa (Procrit)
Clopidogrel (Plavix)
Filgrastim (Neupogen)
The Correct Answer is B
A. Oprelvekin (Neumega): Oprelvekin is a recombinant human interleukin-11 (IL-11) used to stimulate the production of platelets, not red blood cells. It is primarily indicated for patients with thrombocytopenia (low platelet count) due to chemotherapy.
B. Epoetin alfa (Procrit): Epoetin alfa is a synthetic form of erythropoietin, a hormone produced by the kidneys that stimulates the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow. It is commonly used to treat anemia associated with chronic kidney disease, chemotherapy, or HIV therapy. Therefore, it is administered to increase the number of circulating red blood cells.
C. Clopidogrel (Plavix): Clopidogrel is an antiplatelet medication that inhibits platelet aggregation, thereby reducing the risk of blood clots. It does not directly stimulate the production of red blood cells.
D. Filgrastim (Neupogen): Filgrastim is a recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) that stimulates the production of white blood cells, particularly neutrophils, in the bone marrow. It is used to treat neutropenia (low white blood cell count) caused by chemotherapy, bone marrow transplantation, or certain diseases. It does not directly stimulate the production of red blood cells.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"B"}
Explanation
A. Minutes: This is too short a timeframe for warfarin's effect. It takes longer for the body's existing clotting factors to be depleted.
B. Days: This medication works by inhibiting the production of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors in the liver. As existing clotting factors are used up and new ones aren't produced as efficiently, it takes time for the anticoagulant effect to become significant.
C. Weeks: While the full effect might take some time (around 3-5 days), several weeks is an overestimation for most patients.
D. Hours: A few hours might show some initial effect, but it's not enough time for a substantial anticoagulant effect. It usually takes at least a day or two.
Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D","E"]
Explanation
A. Alteplase (Activase): Alteplase is a thrombolytic agent used to dissolve blood clots. Concurrent use with clopidogrel, an antiplatelet medication, can increase the risk of bleeding due to additive effects on clotting. Therefore, it's important to consult the doctor before using these medications together.
B. Diltiazem: Diltiazem is a calcium channel blocker used to treat hypertension and certain heart rhythm disorders. Diltiazem will decrease the level or effect of clopidogrel by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Therefore, it's advisable to consult the doctor before using these medications together.
C. Ibuprofen: Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to relieve pain and inflammation. Like other NSAIDs, it can increase the risk of bleeding when taken with clopidogrel. Therefore, it's important to consult the doctor before using these medications together.
D. Aspirin: Aspirin is another antiplatelet medication commonly used to prevent heart attacks and strokes. Combining clopidogrel with aspirin can increase the risk of bleeding without significantly improving outcomes in most cases. However, in some situations, such as after certain cardiac procedures, dual antiplatelet therapy (clopidogrel plus aspirin) may be prescribed under close medical supervision. Therefore, it's crucial to consult the doctor before using these medications together.
E. Coumadin (warfarin): Coumadin is an anticoagulant medication used to prevent blood clots. Concurrent use with clopidogrel can increase the risk of bleeding. Therefore, it's essential to consult the doctor before using these medications together.
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